Gender Studies: Key Concepts, Inequalities, and Sociological Perspectives

What is the difference between sex and gender?

Sex refers to physiological distinctions, while gender refers to behaviors associated with sex categories.

What is sexism?

Discrimination based on sex.

What does the term 'gender binary' refer to?

The classification of gender into two distinct, opposite, and disconnected forms of masculine and feminine.

What is cisgender?

A term for individuals whose gender identity matches the sex they were assigned at birth.

What is the functionalist perspective on gender inequality?

It views gendered division of labor as a functional necessity in society.

According to conflict and feminist perspectives, who benefits from gender inequality?

Men benefit from gender inequality, receiving better rewards and maintaining patriarchal relations.

What is occupational sex segregation?

The concentration of men and women in different occupations, leading to horizontal and vertical segregation.

What is the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act?

A law aimed at combating wage discrimination and ensuring equal pay for women.

What is the significance of Title IX?

It prevents exclusion in educational programs and requires equal opportunities in sports for women.

What is transphobia?

A fear or discrimination against transgender individuals.

What is femicide?

The killing of women, often linked to gender-based violence.

What is the role of the Council on Women and Girls?

To address issues affecting women and girls, although it was disbanded under the Trump administration.

What are the main challenges faced by transgender individuals in society?

Systematic oppression, discrimination in employment, and legislation limiting their rights.

What is the interactionist perspective on gender?

It emphasizes the importance of social categorization and people's responses to gender transgressions.

What are the consequences of gender inequality in terms of income?

Income inequality is characterized by the wage gap between men and women, particularly affecting women of color.

What is gender nonconformity discrimination?

Discrimination against individuals who do not adhere to traditional gender norms.

What is the impact of social factors on occupational sex segregation?

Social factors promote horizontal segregation, which often benefits men in the workforce.

What does the term 'male privilege' refer to?

The societal advantages that men experience based on their gender, often at the expense of women.

What is the significance of the National Transgender Discrimination Study?

It highlights the experiences and challenges faced by transgender individuals, particularly those of color.

What are some unique differences between men and women?

Differences can include physiological traits, socialization patterns, communication styles, emotional expression, and occupational choices.