AP PSYCH- Conditioning

Classical Conditioning

Associating a stimulus with a feeling, based on past experiences.

Unconditioned Stimulus

A stimulus that naturally triggers a response

Unconditioned Response

Natural reflex/response

Neutral Stimulus

A stimulus that creates no natural response

Conditioned Stimulus

A neutral stimulus that becomes associated with something to create a response

Conditioned Response

A learned response to a specific stimulus

Acquisition

Learning an association

Extinction

Weakening of a conditioned response

Spontaneous Recovery

The reappearance of a conditioned response after being unpracticed, usually wont happen more than twice.

Generalization

Responding to the stimulus similarly to the original condition stimulus (a toddler calling all silverware forks)

Operant Conditioning

How behavior is shaped by consequence

Reinforcement

Any event that increases behavior

Positive Reinforcement

Adding an incentive to increase behavior

Negative Reinforcement

Taking away an undesired stimulus to increase behavior

Punishment

Any event that decreases behavior

Positive Punishment

Adding an unpleasant stimulus to reduce behavior

Negative Punishment

Taking away a desired stimulus to reduce a behavior

Shaping

Rewarding individuals behavior leading up to the desired response

Reinforcement Schedule

How often reinforcement is given

Fixed Ratio

Every time a certain amount of tasks are completed a reward is given

Fixed Interval

Once a certain amount of time has passed a reward is given

Variable Interval

Being unaware of how much time has passed before a reward is given

Variable Ratio

Not knowing how many tasks it takes to receive an award

Habituation

Becoming accustomed to and ignoring certain stimulus