Rotational Motion

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15 Terms

1
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angle of rotation

  • the measurement of the amount that an object is rotate about a fixed point (angular equivalent to linear distance)

  • divide distance traveled along the circular path (arc length) by the radius of curvature of the path

  • Units: radians (1 rad= 180/pi degrees)

  • I revolution= 2pi rad

<ul><li><p>the measurement of the amount that an object is rotate about a fixed point (angular equivalent to linear distance)</p></li></ul><ul><li><p>divide distance traveled along the circular path (arc length) by the radius of curvature of the path</p></li></ul><ul><li><p>Units: radians (1 rad= 180/pi degrees)</p></li><li><p>I revolution= 2pi rad </p></li></ul><p></p>
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angular velocity

  • the rate of change of the angle of rotation around a fixed point

  • agular velocity is the angular equivalent to linear velocity

  • units: rad/s

  • positive direction: counter clockwise

  • negative direction: clockwise

<ul><li><p>the rate of change of the angle of rotation around a fixed point </p></li><li><p>agular velocity is the angular equivalent to linear velocity</p></li><li><p>units: rad/s</p></li><li><p>positive direction: counter clockwise </p></li><li><p>negative direction: clockwise </p></li></ul><p></p>
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tangential velocity

  • instantaneous linear velocity of an object during its motion

  • angular velocity multplied bu the radius

<ul><li><p>instantaneous linear velocity of an object during its motion</p></li><li><p>angular velocity multplied bu the radius </p><p></p></li></ul><p></p>
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angular acceleration

  • rate at which angular velocity is changing over time

  • units: rads/s2

  • positive: increase in angular velocity

  • negative: decrease in angular velocity

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rotational kinematics equations

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how are linear and angular variables related

linear vairables are just their angular variable equivalent multiplied by r (radius of path curvature)

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angular momentum

  • tendency of a rotating object to keep rotating about its axis

  • conserved when the net external torque is equal to zero

  • L= angular momentum

  • I= moment of intertia

  • greater I = more torque needed to change an object’s angular momentum

<ul><li><p>tendency of a rotating object to keep rotating about its axis </p></li><li><p>conserved when the net external torque is equal to zero</p></li><li><p>L= angular momentum</p></li><li><p>I= moment of intertia </p></li><li><p>greater I = more torque needed to change an object’s angular momentum</p></li></ul><p></p>
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moment of inertia

  • tendency of an object to resist rotational motion

  • dependent on mass and the distribution of that mass around the axis of rotation

  • larger value= more difficult to change the rotational velocity of the object

<ul><li><p>tendency of an object to resist rotational motion</p></li><li><p>dependent on mass and the distribution of that mass around the axis of rotation</p></li><li><p>larger value= more difficult to change the rotational velocity of the object</p></li></ul><p></p>
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rotational kinetic energy

  • the kinetic energy that an object posseses due to its rotation

  • work is equal to the change in kinetic enrgy

<ul><li><p>the kinetic energy that an object posseses due to its rotation</p></li><li><p>work is equal to the change in kinetic enrgy </p></li><li><p></p></li></ul><p></p>
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torque on rotational masses

  • F=ma equivalent for rotational motion

<ul><li><p>F=ma equivalent for rotational motion</p><p></p></li></ul><p></p>
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uniform circular motion

object is moving in a circle at constant speed

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centripetal acceleration

acceleration radially towards the center of the circle

  • tangential velocity squared divided by radius

  • an increase means the direction of velocity is changing more rapidly

<p>acceleration radially towards the center of the circle </p><ul><li><p>tangential velocity squared divided by radius </p></li><li><p>an increase means the direction of velocity is changing more rapidly </p></li></ul><p></p>
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centripetal force

  • any force that causes an object to move in circular motion

  • points radially towards the center of the circle

  • newton’s law of motion

<ul><li><p>any force that causes an object to move in circular motion</p></li><li><p>points radially towards the center of the circle </p></li><li><p>newton’s law of motion </p></li><li><p></p></li></ul><p></p>
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acceleration due to gravity on a planet:

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escape velocity

  • minimum speed an object must achieve to break free from the gravitational pull of a celestial body and move into space

  • velocity at which the object’s kinetic energy equals the gravitational potential energy

<ul><li><p>minimum speed an object must achieve to break free from the gravitational pull of a celestial body and move into space </p></li><li><p>velocity at which the object’s kinetic energy equals the gravitational potential energy</p><p></p></li></ul><p></p>