AP Stats Unit 6

Confidence Interval (CI)

A range of values derived from sample statistics that is likely to contain the value of an unknown population parameter

Margin of Error (ME)

The range of values above and below the sample statistic in a confidence interval

Null Hypothesis (H₀)

A statement asserting that there is no effect or no difference, serving as the default assumption in hypothesis testing

Alternative Hypothesis (Hₐ)

The hypothesis that there is an effect or a difference, opposing the null hypothesis

P-value

The probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the observed results, assuming that the null hypothesis is true

Significance Level (α)

A threshold probability used to determine whether to reject the null hypothesis, commonly set at 0.05

Conditions for Inference

Requirements such as randomness, independence, and normality that must be met to perform valid inference procedures