APUSH Unit 3

Salutary Neglect

a British colonial policy in the 17th and 18th centuries characterized by lax enforcement of trade regulations and limited interference in colonial affairs, allowing for greater autonomy and self-governance in the American colonies

No Taxation Without Representation

a slogan used by American colonists to protest against British taxation policies, asserting that they should not be taxed by the British Parliament without having representation in that legislative body

Common Sense

a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1776, advocating for American independence from British rule and inspiring widespread support for the Revolutionary cause

Articles of Confederation

ratified in 1781, established the first national government of the United States, emphasizing state sovereignty and a weak central authority, which ultimately proved inadequate, leading to the Constitutional Convention and the drafting of the U.S. Constitution

Great Compromise

also known as the Connecticut Compromise, was a pivotal agreement reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that created a bicameral legislature, with representation based on population in the House of Representatives and equal representation for each state in the Senate, resolving the conflict between large and small states over representation in the new federal government

Three-Fifths Compromise

established during the Constitutional Convention of 1787, counted three-fifths of the enslaved population towards a state's total population for the purposes of taxation and representation, perpetuating slavery's influence in the federal government while addressing the issue of Southern states' political power

Federalist Papers

a series of essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay in support of the ratification of the U.S. Constitution, providing insights into the framers' intentions and arguments for a strong federal government

Federalism

a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units, such as states in the United States, allowing for a balance between national and regional interests

Republican Motherhood

a prevailing ideology in early American society that emphasized the role of women in raising virtuous and educated citizens, contributing to increased educational opportunities for women and their participation in civic life

Alien and Sedition Acts

a series of laws passed by the Federalist-controlled Congress in 1798, aimed at restricting immigration and limiting criticism of the government, marking a significant challenge to First Amendment freedoms during the early years of the United States

George Washington

as the first President of the United States, established many precedents, including a two-term limit, a cabinet system, and a policy of neutrality in foreign affairs, shaping the early development of the nation

Benjamin Franklin

a Founding Father of the United States, known for his contributions as a statesman, diplomat, inventor, and writer, playing a crucial role in drafting the Declaration of Independence and securing French support for the American Revolution

Alexander Hamilton

a Founding Father of the United States, serving as the first Secretary of the Treasury under George Washington, and advocating for a strong central government, economic modernization, and the establishment of a national bank, shaping the early financial and political landscape of the nation

James Madison

known as the "Father of the Constitution," was a Founding Father of the United States who played a key role in drafting the Constitution, co-authoring the Federalist Papers, and serving as the fourth President of the United States during the War of 1812

Thomas Jefferson

a Founding Father of the United States, principal author of the Declaration of Independence, third President of the United States, and founder of the Democratic-Republican Party, known for his advocacy of individual rights, agrarianism, and westward expansion

Big Picture Idea #1

By the year 1763, the British Debt as a result of French and Indian War, as well as the ending of the relaxed policy known as salutary neglect caused tensions between the British and the colonists.

Big Picture Idea #2

Americans sought independence because they lacked representation in Parliament and they believed Britain was taking away their liberties.

Big Picture Idea #3

The Articles of Confederation made a weak central government. Because of Shay’s Rebellion. Founders called for a Constitutional Convention where they made compromises and a strong central government.

Big Picture Idea #4

By the time George Washington stepped down in 1796, the national government was divided into political parties. America’s two party system was cemented with Federalists and Democratic-Republicans.