Cell Division and Mitosis Review

Flashcards covering key concepts of cell division and mitosis as outlined in the lecture notes.

Why do cells divide?

Cells divide for reproduction, growth, and regeneration.

What are the phases of interphase?

Interphase includes G1 (cell growth), S (DNA synthesis), and G2 (preparation for cell division).

What happens during the S phase?

During the S phase, DNA is replicated, resulting in sister chromatids.

How does a replicated chromosome differ from a chromosome in G1?

In G1, a chromosome is a single DNA molecule; in G2, it consists of two identical sister chromatids.

What are sister chromatids?

Sister chromatids are the two identical copies of a replicated chromosome, joined at the centromere.

What happens during prophase of mitosis?

The nuclear membrane disappears, chromosomes condense, and spindle fibers begin to form.

What is the role of microtubules in mitosis?

Microtubules form the mitotic spindle, which separates the sister chromatids during anaphase.

What is the difference between cytokinesis in animal and plant cells?

In animal cells, cytokinesis involves a contractile ring, whereas in plant cells, it involves the formation of a cell plate.

What is the diploid number of chromosomes in humans?

The diploid number of chromosomes in humans is 46.

What is the haploid number of chromosomes in humans?

The haploid number of chromosomes in humans is 23.

What is the function of actin during cytokinesis?

Actin forms the contractile ring that leads to the division of the cytoplasm.

What effect would colchicine have on mitosis?

Colchicine would prevent cells from progressing from metaphase to anaphase by disrupting the function of microtubules.

What occurs during telophase?

During telophase, nuclear membranes reform, chromosomes decondense, and the cell prepares for division.