Drugs - Test 1

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors are what type of drug? (Statins)

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors are what type of drug? (Statins)

Antihyperlipidemics

Cholesterol-Absorption Inhibitor is what kind of drug?

Antihyperlipidemic

Brand Name - Lipitor

Atorvastatin (HMG-CoA)

Brand Name - Mevacor

Lovastatin (HMG-CoA)

Brand Name - Pravachol

Pravastatin (HMG-CoA)

Brand Name - Crestor

Rosuvastatin (HMG-CoA)

Brand Name - Zocor

Simvastatin (HMG-CoA)

Adverse effects for HMG-CoA (Statins)

• Myalgias

• Arthralgia

• Fatigue

• Diarrhea

• RARE : Myopathy/Rhabdomyolysis

Counseling Points for HMG-CoA (Statins)

• Avoid Grapefruit Juice

• Avoid Large Quantities of ETOH

• Take med at night

Brand Name - Zetia

Ezetimibe (Cholesterol-Absorption Inhibitor)

Counseling points for Cholesterol-Absoption Inhibitors

• Take with or without food

• Separate from bile acid sequestrants by 2 hours before or 4 hours after

What type of drugs are Thiazides? (-one)

Antihypertensive

Brand Name - Microzide

Hydrochlorothiazide (Thiazide)

Brand Name - Thalitone

Chlorthalidone (Thiazide)

Brand Name - Zaroxolyn

Metolazone (Thiazide)

Adverse effects of Thiazides

• Dizziness

• Hypotension

• Headache

• Electrolyte loss/imbalance

Counseling points for Thiazides

• Take daily, but do not double up on doses

• May take with or without food

What type of drug is CCBs (Calcium Channel blockers)?

Antihypertensive

Brand Name - Norvasc

Amlodipine (CCB)

Brand Name - Cardizem (CD), Cartia, Dilacor, Dilt-XR, Tiazac

Diltiazem (CCB)

Brand Name - Adalat CC, Nifedical XL, Procardia

Nifedipine (CCB)

Brand Name - Calan, Isoptin, Verelan

Verapamil (CCB)

Adverse effects of CCBs (Calcium Channel Blocks)

• Dizziness

• Peripheral Edema

• Hypotension

• Flushing

• Constipation

Counseling Points for CCBs (Calcium Channel Blockers)

• Take daily, but do not double up on doses

• Monitor for pedal edema

What type of drugs are ACE Inhibitors (Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors)? (-pril)

Antihypertensive

Brand Name - Lotensin

Benazepril (ACE Inhibitor)

Brand Name - Epaned, Vasotec

Enalapril (ACE Inhibitor)

Brand Name - Prinivil, Zestril

Lisinopril (ACE Inhibitor)

Brand Name - Zestoretic, Prinzide

Lisinopril/HCTZ (ACE Inhibitor)

Adverse effects of ACE Inhibitors

• Dry Cough

• Dizziness

• Hyperkalemia

• Transient increase in SCr

Counseling points for ACE Inhibitors

• Avoid salt substitutes containing potassium

• Take Daily, but do not double up on doses

What type of drugs are ARBs (Angiotensin II receptor blockers)? (-artan)

Antihypertensive

Brand Name - Cozaar

Losartan (ARB)

Brand Name - Diovan

Valsartan (ARB)

Brand Name - Hyzaar

Losartan/HCTZ (ARB)

Adverse effects of ARBs?

• Dizziness

• Upper Respiratory Infection

Counseling Points of ARBs?

• Take daily, but do not double up on doses

What type of drug are beta blockers? (-olol)

Anihypertensive (Beta Blocker)

Brand Name - Tenormin

Atenolol (Beta Blocker)

Brand Name - Coreg (CR)

Carvedilol (Beta Blocker)

Brand Name - Toprol XL

Metoprolol Succinate (Beta Blocker)

Brand Name - Lopressor

Metoprolol Tartrate (Beta Blocker)

Brand Name - Inderal (LA), Innopran XL

Propranolol (Beta Blocker)

Adverse effects of Beta Blockers

• Dizziness

• Shortness of Breath

• Decreased Heart Rate

• Mood Changes

• “Beta Blocker Blues”

• Sexual Dysfunction

Counseling points for Beta Blockers

• Decreased exercise tolerance

• Take with food to increase absorption

• Take daily, do not double up on doses

What type of Drug are Alpha-2 Agonists? (-ine)

Antihypertensive

Brand Name - Catapres, Nexiclon XR, Kapvay

Clonidine (Alpha-2 Agonist)

Brand Name - Intuniv, Tenex

Guanfacine (Alpha-2 Agonist)

Adverse Effects of Alpha-2 Agonists

• Dry Mouth/Dry Eyes

• Dizziness

• Headache

• RARE : Hallucinations

Counseling Points for Alpha-2 Agonists

• May take with food if GI upset occurs

• Do not take the ER tablets with a high fat meal

What type of drug is Biguanides?

Antidiabetic

Brand Name - Glucophage (XR), Glumetza, Riomet

Metformin (Biguanide)

Adverse Effects of Biguanides

• Diarrhea

• Nausea

• Vitamin B12 Depletion

• BLACK BOX WARNING : Lactic Acidosis

Counseling points for Biguanides

• GI effects are transient (up to 2 weeks)

• Take with food to help with nausea

• Start low and go slow

What is the max effective dose for Biguanides? (Metformin)

2000mg

What type of drugs are Sulfonylureas? (-ide)

Antidiabetics

Brand Name - Amaryl

Glimepiride (Sulfonylureas)

Brand Name - Glucotrol (XL)

Glipizide (Sulfonylureas)

Adverse effects of sulfonylureas

• Hypoglycemia

• Weight Gain

• Nausea

• Photosensitivity

• RARE : Hepatic toxicity

Counseling points for sulfonylureas

• Take 30 min before first meal

• May cause low blood sugar

• May cause hypersensitivity to sunlight

What type of drug is TZD (Thiazolidinedione)

Antidiabetic

Brand Name - Actos

Pioglitazone (TZD)

Adverse Effects of a TZD drug

• Edema (swellng)

• weight gain

• bone fractures

Counseling points for a TZD drug

• Monitor for signs of heart failure

• May take 6-8 weeks to see full effect

What type of drugs are SGLT-2 Inhibitors (-gliflozin)

Antidiabetic

Brand Name - Invokana

Canagliflozin (SGLT-2 Inhibitors)

Brand Name - Farxiga

Dapagliflozin (SGLT-2 Inhibitors)

Brand Name - Jardiance

Empagliflozin (SGLT-2 Inhibitors)

Brand Name - Steglatro

Ertugliflozin (SGLT-2 Inhibitors)

Adverse effects of SGLT-2 Inhibitors

• Increased Urination

• Urinary Tract Infections

Counseling points for SGLT-2 Inhibitors

• Take with out without food

• Take missed doses as soon as you remember, but do not double-dose

What type of drugs are DPP-4 Inhibitors? (-gliptin)

Antidiabetic

Brand Name - Tradjenta

Linagliptin (DPP-4 Inhibitor)

Brand Name - Januvia

Sitagliptin (DDP-4 Inhibitor)

What are the adverse effects for DPP-4 Inhibitors?

• Upper Respiratory Infection

What are counseling points for DPP-4 Inhibitors?

• Take with or without food

What type of drug are GLP-1 Agonists? (-glutide)

Antidiabetic

Brand Name- Trulicity

Dulaglutide (GLP-1 Agonists)

Brand Name- Victoza

Liraglutide (GLP-1 Agonists)

Brand Name- Ozempic, Rybelsus

Semaglutide (GLP-1 Agonists)

Adverse Effects of GLP-1 Agonists

• Nausea (most common)

• Diarrhea/Vomiting

• Injection site reactions

• BLACK BOX WARNING: Thyroid Cancer

Counseling Points for GLP-1 Agonists

• GI side effects decrease with time

• Rotate injection site

• DO NOT REUSE NEEDLES

Brand Name- Levimir

Insulin detemir (Long acting insulin)

Brand Name- Lantus

Insulin glargine (Long acting insulin)

Brand Name- Toujeo

Insulin Glargine (Long-acting insulins)

Brand Name- Novolog

Insulin aspart (Rapid Acting Insulins)

Brand Name- Humalog

Insulin lispro (Rapid Acting insulins)

What are the adverse effects of Rapid acting insulins?

• Hypoglycemia

• Weight Gain

• Injection Site Reactions

What are the adverse effects of Long-Acting insulins?

• Hypoglycemia

• Weight Gain

• Injection site reactions

What are the counseling points of Rapid acting insulin?

• Take immediately prior to a meal (within 15 min)

• Pick one site area and rotate only there

What are the counseling points of long acting insulins?

• Take anytime, but stay consistent

• Take without regards to meals

• Pick one site area and rotate only there