Criminology unit 4- AC 3.3

examine the limitations of agencies in achieving social control

repeat offending

high reoffending rates show that social control measures are not always effective

2017- 37.5% of offenders released from prison reoffended, 64.1% received sentence of less than 12 months, 40% of juvenile’s reoffend within a year/ 74% with short sentences

leads to rising prison population and overcrowding- prison population doubled since 1993

males more likely to reoffend than females

drug/ alcohol addiction, homelessness and unemployment also increase reoffending chances

reasons for reoffending- link to unit 2 theories

unemployment/ no qualifications to be able to get a job- Marxism, proletariat exploited by the bourgeoisie leads to crime/ left realism, relative deprivation leads to crime

drugs/ alcohol- biochemical, behavioural changes from being under the influence/ Eysenck, drugs increase the impact of extraversion, neuroticism and psychopathy

traumatic childhood- neurological abnormalities, can change brain chemistry which can cause criminal behaviour/ bowlby, maternal deprivation/ freud, same sex parent deviant

civil liberties and legal barriers

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