Chemistry-Unit 1
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Last updated 8:09 AM on 1/6/23
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44 Terms
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Atom
Smallest piece of an element
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Element
Substance made of 1 type of atom. Listed on the Periodic Table
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Compound
Substance made of 2 or more elements chemically joined
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Pure
Substance made of 1 type of particle
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Mixture
Two or more different particles not chemically joined in a space e.g salt water, air
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Molecule
Particle made of more than one atom chemically joined. The elements are usually non-metals. There are weak forces of attraction between molecules.
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Particles
General name for any small piece of matter. Can be atoms or molecules (or ions).
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Periodic Table
List of all known elements with their symbols.
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Formula
How chemists show the combination of elements in a particle e.g CuSO4 or Na
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NO3
nitrate
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SO4
sulfate
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What is in an atoms core?
protons, neutrons
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proton charge and atomic mass
\+,1
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neutron charge and atomic mass
no charge,1
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electron charge and atomic mass
\-,0
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What is the electron filling rule?
2,8,8,7
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What is an ion?
An ion is formed when an atom gains or loses an electron
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An ion is negatively charged if
it gains an element
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An ion is positively charged if
it loses an electron
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Physical change
Particles are rearranged but no new particles are made e.g melting, dissolving
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Chemical Reaction
atoms in particles rearrange to form new particles
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Signs of a chemical reaction
Gas produced, colour changing, temperature change, reactants used up, new substance appears
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Signs of physical changes
Produced gas (if boiling or evaporating), temporary colour change, temperature change, change of state
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Solute
The substance that dissolves
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Solvent
The substance the solute dissolves in
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Soluble
Something can be dissolved
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Insoluble
Cannot be dissolved
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Solution
The mixture of the solvent and the solute
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Diffusing
The gradient of a substance through air or water from high concentration to low concentration
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Solubility
The maximum amount that can be dissolved in a solvent at a particular temperature
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t or f, if you dissolve 40cm3 of salt in 50cm3 of water the volume will be 90cm3
true
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t or f, if you dissolve 1g of salt in 200g water the mass will be 200g
false
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independent variable
what changes
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dependent variable
what you measure
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control variable
doesn’t change
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Signs of evaporation
Happens at any temperature, only on the surface of a liquid, no bubbles, slow process, cools down a liquid
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Signs of Boiling
Happens at a specific temperature, can happen throughout the substance, bubbles of gas are seen, quick process, constant temperature
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Why does evaporation happen?
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Is evaporation faster at higher temperatures?
Yes
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t or f evaporation takes place in all of these places: sea, lake, plants, ground
true
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In the water system how does water change?
Evaporation and condensation
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In the water system where is water stored?
ocean/sea, lake, river, stream, groundwater
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In the water system where does water move?
rivers and streams (watershed), surface run off, percolation through soil and rocks, ground water
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saturated solution
a solution where no more solute can dissolve
