Module 5: Chemistry (67) MTEL

Specific Heat of Ice

2.09 J/gC

Specific Heat of Steam

2.03 J/gC

Mass Definition

The amount of matter in a substance.

Density Definition

Mass per unit volume.

Specific Heat Defintion

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius.

Relationship between Interparticle Forces and Mass

• Interparticle forces do not directly determine mass, but they influence how that mass is arranged, which impacts other properties.

Relationship between Interparticle Forces and Density

• Stronger interparticle forces lead to closer packing, generally resulting in higher density (solids > liquids > gases).

• However, molecular mass also plays a large role. A heavy gas can be denser than a light solid.

Relationship between Interparticle Forces and Specific Heat

• Stronger interparticle forces can increase specific heat, as more energy is needed to overcome these forces and increase particle motion.  

• For example, water's strong hydrogen bonding gives it a very high specific heat.  

Relationship between Interparticle Forces and Melting Point

• Stronger interparticle forces result in higher melting points, as more energy is needed to break these forces.  

• Ionic and covalent network solids have very high melting points.

Relationship between Interparticle Forces and Boiling Point

• Stronger interparticle forces lead to higher boiling points.  

• Hydrogen bonding significantly elevates the boiling point of liquids like water.  

Relationship between Interparticle Forces and Solubility

• "Like dissolves like" principle: Polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents, and nonpolar solutes dissolve in nonpolar solvents.  

• Stronger solute-solvent interactions promote solubility.