AP psych unit 10

abnormal/clinical psychology

Psychology Student Syndrome 

Psychology students studying abnormal behavior can also become convinced that they have some mental disorder

clinical psychology

branch of psychology that assesses, diagnoses, treats, and prevents mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders, utilizing various therapeutic methods and interventions to improve individuals' mental health and well-being

abnormal psychology

study of unusual patterns of behavior, emotion, and thought, which may or may not be understood as precipitating a mental disorder

DSM-5-TR

comprehensive classification system used by mental health professionals to diagnose and categorize mental health disorders

ICD-11

global standard for reporting and categorizing diseases, including mental and behavioral disorders, used by healthcare professionals to diagnose conditions and track health trends worldwide

Diatheses-Stress Model

how genetic predisposition (diathesis) interacts with environmental triggers (stress) to potentially cause mental health issues

Eclectic Approach

treatment from multiple therapeutic orientations used to tailor treatment for an individual client, enhancing flexibility and effectiveness in therapy

Depressive Disorder

characterized by a persistent, sad, empty, or irritable mood accompanied by physical and cognitive changes, significantly impairing a person’s ability to function in daily activities

Major depressive disorder

pervasive and persistent low mood accompanied by low self esteem and a loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities (5 symptoms persist for at least 2 weeks)

Persistent depressive disorder

chronic depressed mood lasting for two years, less severe but longer-lasting symptoms

Bipolar disorder

occurs when a person alternates between two states: mania and depression

neurodevelopmental disorders

group of disorders that begin in the developmental period, characterized by symptoms that affect behavior, learning, and development, focusing on whether behaviors are appropriate for the person's age or maturity level

ADHD

characterized by persistent patterns of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interfere with functioning or development, leading to difficulties in maintaining focus, controlling behavior, and staying organized

Autism Spectrum disorder

characterized by persistent challenges in social communication and interaction, along with restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities, varying widely in severity and impact on daily functioning

Anorexia Nervosa

psychological disorder characterized by restricted food intake, an intense fear of gaining weight, and a distorted body image, leading to significant weight loss and health complications

Bulimia Nervosa

characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors, such as vomiting or excessive exercise, to prevent weight gain, causing significant physical and psychological distress

Anxiety disorders

characterized by excessive fear and anxiety that lead to significant disturbances in behavior

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

persistent and excessive worry about various aspects of daily life, accompanied by physical symptoms such as restlessness, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating, which are not tied to any specific cause or event

specific phobia

intense irrational fear of a specific object or situation

Obsessive compulsive disorder

recurrent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions) that an individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession, typically aimed at reducing anxiety but causing significant distress and interference in daily functioning

panic disorder

recurrent and unexpected panic attacks accompanied by physical symptoms like heart palpitations, and ongoing concern about having additional attacks or their consequences

hoarding disorder

difficulty discarding possessions regardless of their actual value

acrophobia

fear of heights

arachnophobia

fear of spiders

PTSD

persistent mental and emotional stress following exposure to a traumatic event, featuring symptoms such as intrusive memories (flashbacks), avoidance of reminders of the trauma, heightened reactivity (e.g., exaggerated startle response), and emotional numbness

agoraphobia

fear of being in situations where escape might be difficult or help is unavailable

Taijin Kyofusho

(primarily in Japan) characterized by an intense fear of offending or embarrassing others through one’s bodily functions or appearance, leading to signifiant social anxiety and avoidance behaviors

Closer A

odd/eccentric: paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal

cluster B

dramatic/impulsive: antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic

cluster c

anxiety in social relationships: anankastic, avoidant, dependent

Schizoid personality disorder

pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression due to no desire

Paranoid personality disorder

tendency to withdraw from others due to pervasive distrust of others

Schizotypal personality disorder

characterized by acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentric behaviors

Antisocial personality disorder

lack of concern for the feelings of others and disregarding the rights of others; may appear superficially charming, be aggressive, impulsive, deceitful, no remorse

borderline personality disorder

lacks sense of self so fears abandonment; leads to suicidal threats, impulsive behavior, outbursts of anger/violence

histrionic personality disorder

characterized by excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behavior, including a need for approval and inappropriate seductiveness, often leading to difficulty in maintaining deep and meaningful relationships

narcissistic personality disorder

pervasive pattern of grandiosity, a need for admiration, and a lack of empathy for others, often resulting in exploitative behavior and difficulties in maintaining healthy relationships

obsessive compulsive (anankastic) personality disorder

perceived lack of control→ humorless, cautious, controlling, occupation with details, rules, lists, orders, perfection

avoidant personality disorder

believes that they are socially inept, unappealing, inferior→ fears embarrassment and so avoids meeting people and taking risks

Dependent personality disorder

lacks self confidence and fears abandonment→ goes to considerable lengths to secure relationships, needs help to make life decisions, wants to be protected