BY 124 L Kingdom Animalia pt 2

Phylum Echinodermata

Water vascular system

Tube feet, nerve ring, calcareous endoskeleton

Separate sexes

All marine 

Some capable of regeneration 

Phylum of the “seas”

Class Crinoidea

Phylum Echinodermata

Feather stars & sea Lillies

Oldest and most primitive of echinoderms

Mouth points upward

Class Holothuroidea

Phylum Echinodermata

Sea Cucumbers

Soft bodied, no arms

Capable of regeneration

Spew guts everywhere as defense mech

5 rows of tube feet

Reduced skeleton

No spines

Class Echinoidea

Phylum Echinodermata

Sea Urchins and Sand Dollars (+ sand biscuts)

Many plates fused together

Urchins- plates same shape and size

Sand dollars- plates different sizes and shapes

No arms

Class Asteroidea

Phylum Echinodermata

Sea Stars

Star-shaped body

Tube feet on suckers

Mouth directed toward the substrate

Capable of arm regeneration

Class Ophiuroidea

Phylum Echinodermata

Brittle Stars

Looks like a very slender-armed sea star

No tube feet on suckers

Long, flexible arms

Scared Adam bc black and hate light

Phylum Hemichordata

Acorn Worms

Have gills and a dorsal nerve cord

(Close relationship to cordates)

Phylum Chordata

Notochord, Dorsal hollow nerve cord, Pharyngeal slits or clefts, post-anal tail

Segmented

Subphylum Urochordata

Phylum Chordata

Tunicates and Sea Squirts

Filter feeders

Adults are sessile.w sac-like body

Subphylum Cephalochordata

Phylum Chordata

Lancelets

Filters feeder

Subphylum Craniata

Phylum Chordata

Vertebrates

Backbone replaces notochord- cartilaginous or calcified

Gil slits are retained in some adult forms, modified in others

Tail present in some, only present during embryonic development in others 

Grouping Pisces

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Craniata 

Fish?

Hagfish, Lamprey, Armored fish, Cartilaginous fish, bony fish, fleshy-finned fish, ray-finened fish

Class Myxini

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Craniata

Group Pisces

Hagfish

Feed on detritus

Cartilaginous skeleton

2 chambered heart

All marine

Produce hella slime as defense mech 

Class Cephalospidomerphi/Hyperoartia

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Craniata

Group Pieces

Lamprey

Parasitic on fish

Cartilaginous skeleton w stiff protein matrix

Cartilaginous pipe around notochord

2-chambered heart 

Marine and freshwater

Class Placodermi

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Craniata

Group Pieces

Armored Fish

All extinct- hella big

Class Chondrichthyes

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Craniata

Group Pieces

Cartilaginous fish- sharks, skates, rays, chimaeras

No swim bladder or lungs 

Urea in blood- must bleed to eat

Lateral line that can detect water vibrations

Teeth are modified scales

Internal fertilization 

Oviparous

Eggs hatch outside body

Ovoviviparous

Eggs hatch inside body

Vuvuparous

Live birth

Class Osteichthyes

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Craniata

Group Pieces

Bony Fish

Skeleton contains calcium phosphate

Perculim 

Some have swim bladder

2-chambered heart

Most external fertilization 

Subclass Sarcopterygii

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Craniata 

Group Pieces

Class Osteichthyes

Fleshy-finned fish

Lungfish, lobe-finned fish

Subclass Actinopterygii

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Craniata

Group Pieces

Class Osteichthyes

Ray-finned Fish

Goldfish, bass, catfish, trout, moray eel, sea horse

Grouping Tetrapoda

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Craniata

4 Legs

Class Amphibia

Phylum Cordata

Subphylum Craniata

Grouping Tetrapoda 

Amphibians

Carboniferous was their age!

Arose from lobe-finned fish

Lungs and moist skin for gas exchange

3- chambered heart

Reproduction ties to water, external fertilization

Ectothermic

Ectothermic

environment dictates body temp w no internal control

Order Anura

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Craniata

Grouping Tetrapoda

Class Amphibia

Frogs and Toads

Egg—tadpole—adult

Frogs- smooth, moist skin

Toads- better adapted to drier w bumpy, dry skin 

Order Urodela

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Craniata

Grouping Tetrapoda

Class Amphibia

Salamanders and Newts

Retain juvenile characteristics as an adult (Neoteny / Paedomorphosis)

Newts- special salamanders w keeled (oar-like) tails

Order Apoda

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Craniata

Grouping Tetrapoda

Class Amphibia

Ceaclilians

Legless amphibians- look like giant worms 

Tropical regions

Class Reptilia

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Cranidata

Grouping Terapoda

Reptiles

Mesozoic- their era!

Ectothermic

3-chambered heart

Advanced limbs, dry scaled skin, keratinized skin (waterproof), better lungs, ribcage, internal fertilization, amniotic egg— adaptations for land

Order Chelonida/Testudines

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Cranidata

Grouping Tetrapoda

Class Reptilia

Turtles and Tortoises

Turtles- aquatic

Tortoises- stricktly terrestrial

Class Phychocephalia

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Cranidata

Grouping Tetrapoda

Class Reptilia

Tuatara

Sphenodon- sole surviving genus

Has a 3rd eye

Order Squamata

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Cranidata

Grouping Tertapoda

Class Reptilia

Lizards and Snakes

Snakes- adapted lizards that lost their legs

Order Crocodilia 

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Cranidata

Grouping Tetrapoda

Class Reptilia 

Crocodiles, Alligators, Caimans, Gharials

Crocs have 4-chambered hearts

Subclass Avain

Phylum Chordatas

Subphylum Cranidata

Grouping Tetrapoda

Class Reptilia

Jurassic- Bird Era!

4 chambered hearts

Air sacs in lungs- better gas exchange

Endothermic

Feathers, parental care for young

Endothermic

able to maintain a constant body temp due to heat from metabolism

Reptile Egg

Amnion- protects embryo from desiccation

Allantois- acts in waste removal

Chorion- acts in gas exchange

Yolk sac- provides food to embryo 

Class Mammalia

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Cranidata

Grouping Tetrapoda

Mammals

Cenpzoic- all them baby!

Hair made from keratin, mammary glands, sweat glands

Tooth differentation, well-developed brain, muscular diaphrgm

4 chambered heart

Endothermic

3 bones of the middle ear (malleus, incus, stapes)

Grouping Monotreme

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Cranidata

Grouping Tetrapoda

Class Mammalia

Platypus and echida

Primitive mammals

Lay eggs

Grouping Marsupial

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Cranidata

Grouping Tetrapoda

Class Mammalia 

Kangaroos, opossum

Give birth but the embryo is in an immature state, so it must complete development in pouch

Grouping Placentals

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Cranidata

Grouping Tetrapoda

Class Mammalia

Advanced mammals, mother nourishes embryo via placenta