Political developments in Latin America Vocab

Populism

A political approach that seeks to represent the interests of ordinary people, often against the elite or establishment.

Charismatic Leadership

A key theme of populism characterized by leaders possessing compelling charm or appeal that inspires followers.

Neo-liberalism

An economic and political ideology favoring free-market capitalism, deregulation, and reduction in government spending.

Liberation Theology

A movement that emphasizes the Church's role in addressing social justice issues and liberating the oppressed.

Guerrilla Warfare

A form of irregular warfare involving small groups of combatants using unconventional tactics against larger forces.

Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI)

An economic strategy aimed at reducing foreign dependency by promoting local production of industrialized products.

José Batlle y Ordóñez

An influential liberal figure in Uruguay known for his promotion of economic liberalism and political reforms.

Juan Domingo Perón

Argentina's president associated with populism, known for advocating workers' rights and implementing social welfare programs.

Military Dictatorship

A form of government where political power is held by the military, often following a coup.

Oscar Romero

Archbishop of San Salvador and advocate for liberation theology, known for his defense of human rights and social justice.

Economic Populism

A form of populism that focuses on economic issues, advocating for policies that protect the working class against the elite.

Political Parties in Populism

Populism often leads to the formation of new political parties that claim to represent the 'common people'.

Direct Appeal to the Masses

A strategy used by populist leaders to bypass traditional political parties and communicate directly with the electorate.

Neoliberal Critique

A perspective that critiques neoliberal policies for increasing inequality and undermining social welfare.

Civic Nationalism vs. Ethnic Nationalism

Civic nationalism emphasizes shared citizenship, while ethnic nationalism is based on shared heritage and culture.

Grassroots Movements

Social or political movements that originate from the local level and are driven by community engagement and activism.

Role of Social Media in Populism

Social media serves as a platform for populist leaders to gain support and mobilize their base quickly.

Disinformation in Populist Movements

The spread of false information used by populists to manipulate public opinion and undermine trust in institutions.

Anti-Establishment Sentiment

A common trait in populism characterized by distrust of established politicians, institutions, and the elite.

Cultural Populism

Focuses on cultural identity and values, often resisting globalization and advocating for local traditions.