Class 10: 20th Century Canada

What event sparked the beginning of World War I?

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in the Balkans.

How did Western Canadian newspapers react to the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand?

They largely ignored it until Britain declared war, which led to spontaneous demonstrations of loyalty.

Why did many Canadians enlist in WWI?

Patriotism among recent British immigrants and high unemployment.

What was Canada's military contribution to WWI?

620,000 service members, 60,661 deaths, and 172,000 wounded from a population of 8 million.

How did WWI affect women's employment in Canada?

Job shortages led to more women joining the workforce.

What epidemic struck Canada in 1919 after WWI?

The influenza epidemic, which killed 50,000 people.

Winnipeg General Strike

A six-week strike in 1919 due to rising unemployment, returning soldiers, and anti-foreign sentiment.

What was First-Wave Feminism?

A movement including suffragettes that fought for women's right to vote and equal rights.

What was the Person's Case (1929)?

A legal decision that allowed women to sit in the Canadian Senate.

What type of jobs did women typically have in 1929?

Secretaries, salesclerks, domestics, textile workers, nurses, and teachers.

What was the economic situation during the 'Roaring Twenties'?

An economic boom (1925-29) with rising consumer industries, entertainment, and new technology like the radio.

Why was the Aird Commission formed in 1929?

To counter growing American influence in Canadian culture through radio broadcasting.

When did the Great Depression begin, and what was 'Black Tuesday'?

Began in 1929; 'Black Tuesday' was October 29, the day the stock market crashed.

How bad was unemployment during the Great Depression?

It reached 30%, and real GDP dropped more than 10%.

What was Canada's government response to the Great Depression?

A minimalist federal approach with limited intervention.

Dust Bowl

A farming disaster from 1931-1941 that forced 250,000 Canadian farmers, mostly from Saskatchewan, to relocate.

'On to Ottawa Trek'?

A protest movement during the Great Depression symbolizing growing radicalism.

How did WWII impact Canadian society?

46,642 deaths abroad, women returned to industrial work, and government expanded its role in daily life.

What major social programs were introduced during WWII?

1943: Social security commitment; 1944: Family Allowances Act.

What was the economic situation in 1950s Canada?

Economic prosperity with rising incomes and manufacturing growth.

How many immigrants entered Canada between 1947-1956?

1.2 million, mostly from the British Isles and Europe.

What is the Old Age Security Act (1951)?

A Canadian law providing monthly payments to seniors aged 65+.

What is the Medical Care Act (1966)?

Established universal healthcare access for Canadians.

What is the Unemployment Insurance Plan (1971)?

Weekly payments for unemployed individuals who meet certain criteria.

suburbanization in the 1950s

Movement towards detached homes in suburban areas symbolizing the ideal traditional family.

When did CBC/Radio-Canada begin TV broadcasting?

1952 in Montreal and Toronto.

What were some social consequences of 1950s prosperity?

Celebration of the nuclear family and reassertion of traditional femininity.

What was the Quiet Revolution (1960)?

A period of intense socio-political change in Quebec that fueled nationalism.

What was the October Crisis (1970)?

A political crisis involving the kidnapping of officials by the FLQ in Quebec.

What did Trudeau's nationalism focus on?

Bilingualism and multiculturalism in Canada.

What social unrest occurred in the 1960s?

Anti-war protests, civil rights movements, women's liberation, and Indigenous activism.

Second Wave Feminism movement

Aimed to empower women in private and public life, challenging gender roles and patriarchy.

Women's Liberation Movement

Public protests, challenged gender norms, led to formation of National Action Committee on the Status of Women.