Animal Evolution Flashcards

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Flashcards about animal evolution

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25 Terms

1
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What is evolution?

The gradual change in living organisms over time, resulting in the diversity of life.

2
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What is the main idea behind Natural Selection?

Organisms produce more offspring than the environment can support; those with advantageous traits survive and reproduce; over generations, these traits become more common.

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What is a mutation?

Random genetic change that introduces new traits.

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How does Natural Selection contribute to evolution?

Environment favors traits that aid survival.

5
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What is Gene Flow?

Movement of genes between populations.

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What is Genetic Drift?

Random change in gene frequency, especially in small groups.

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How does Isolation contribute to evolution?

Prevents interbreeding, leading to speciation.

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What is Convergent Evolution?

Different ancestors, similar features (e.g., bird and insect wings).

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What is Divergent Evolution?

Same ancestor, different features (e.g., human arm and bat wing).

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What key developments occurred during the Cambrian Explosion?

Most major animal body plans appear.

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What evolutionary milestone occurred during the Devonian period?

First amphibians, vertebrates start land life.

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What characterized the Mesozoic Era?

Rise and fall of dinosaurs, birds appear.

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Which animals evolved during the Cenozoic Era?

Mammals and humans evolve.

14
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How do Fossils provide evidence for evolution?

Show gradual change (e.g., horse evolution).

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How does Comparative Anatomy show common ancestry?

Homologous structures show common ancestry.

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How does Embryology provide evidence for evolution?

Similar embryos = shared ancestry.

17
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How does DNA provide evidence for evolution?

Closely related species have similar DNA.

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What are Vestigial Organs?

Leftovers from evolutionary past (e.g., human tailbone).

19
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Give examples of structural adaptations.

Webbed feet, camouflage, thick fur.

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Give examples of physiological adaptations.

Efficient kidneys in desert animals, blubber in marine animals.

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Give examples of behavioral adaptations.

Migration, hibernation, nocturnal habits.

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When does Speciation occur?

Populations are isolated; over time, they accumulate differences and can no longer interbreed.

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According to Lamarck, how did evolution occur?

Use/disuse of traits; Acquired traits inherited; Driven by need.

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According to Darwin, how did evolution occur?

Natural selection of traits; Genetic traits inherited; Driven by variation + survival.

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What is the evolutionary trend in animals from simple to complex?

Protozoa → Worms → Mollusks → Arthropods → Vertebrates (fish → amphibians → reptiles → mammals/birds).