B14 - Transcription and translation quizlet live

Mutation

A random change in the base sequence of DNA; It is the source of new alleles

Allele

A version of a gene; New ones form through mutation

Gene

A section of DNA that codes for a specific protein

mRNA

A copy of a gene made in the nucleus; It carries instructions to the cytoplasm

Protein

A molecule made of amino acids; Synthesised at ribosomes based on mRNA

Ribosome

Organelle where amino acids are assembled into proteins based on mRNA

Nucleus

The part of the cell where DNA is stored and mRNA is made

Cytoplasm

The cell region where mRNA is translated and proteins are made

Sickle-cell

A genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the haemoglobin gene

Haemoglobin

The protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen; Altered in sickle-cell disease

Amino acid

The building block of proteins; Sequence is determined by mRNA

Base

A unit of DNA or RNA;

The order of these determines genetic code

Codon

A sequence of three RNA bases that codes for an amino acid

Enzyme

A protein that speeds up chemical reactions; Made using genetic instructions

Transcription

The process of copying DNA into mRNA in the nucleus

Translation

The process of building a protein from mRNA at the ribosome using specific amino acids;

the order of amino acids is given by the bases in the mRNA;