ICC Microbiology Lecture Final

The antiparallel arrangement within DNA molecules refers to

one helix strand runs from the 5' to 3' direction and the other strand runs from the 3' to 5' direction

Damaged DNA can be repaired by

photoactivated enzymes, excision repair, SOS repair

In bacteria, RNA synthesis is initiated at specific sites called

promoters

Which enzyme is mismatched with its function in DNA replication?

RNA polymerase- synthesizes RNA primers

Mutations

Base mispairing, nonsense, frame shift, conditional lethal, silent, back

The ability of living bacterial cells to incorporate DNA fragments from outside the cell into their own genome is

transformation

If a strand of mRNA is being copied by more than one ribosome at a time it forms a(n)

polysome

Match the following: site where RNA synthesis begins on DNA

promoter

Which enzyme fills in the spaces between the Okazaki fragments with the correct nucleotides?

DNA ligases

A self-replicating piece of extrachromosomal DNA defines a

plasmid

Which is incorrect about purines?

only found in DNA, not in RNA

In a DNA molecule, opposite strands are

complements of one another and are antiparallel

Match the following: Transfer of genetic material via a virus

transduction

All of the following are true about mutations except

they are always detrimental to the organism they occur in

If a codon for alanine is GCA, then the anticodon is

CGU

An enzyme that is only produced when its substrate is present is a/an

inducible enzyme

A term meaning genetic change is

mutation

A phage often establishes a state of __________ in which a portion of the viral nucleic acid is incorporated into the bacterial chromosome or a bacterial plasmid.

lysogeny

Much of what was previously thought to be "junk" DNA has been found to have which purpose?

it codes for RNA regulatory molecules

Match the following: insertion or deletion of DNA base

frame shift mutation

Which of the following is incorrect about transfer RNA?

the initiator tRNA in bacteria carries tryptophan

Match the following: Enzyme that copies during DNA replication

DNA Polymerase 3

Which of the following is not true of transposons?

are self-replicating

Synthesis of an inducible enzyme requires

substrate bound to repressor

Match the following: Jumping genes

transposons

The development of virulent, toxin-producing bacterial strains due to the presence of a temperate phage can occur in

Specialized transduction

A mutation that changes a normal codon to a stop codon is called a

Nonsense mutation

The following pertain to ribosomes during protein synthesis except they

contain codons within their rRNA molecules

What would be the mRNA complementary sequence for the following DNA sequence? AATTAGGCC

UUAAUCCGG

Match the following: genetic material that may act as a promoter

insertion sequences

A sequence of bases on a gene that does not code for protein is called a/an

intron

In DNA replication, the enzyme that is used to unwind the helix is

helicase

Match the following: Tranfer of genetic material via a sex pilus

conjugation

Match the following: genetic material that may move from plasmid to chromosome

transposons

If the sequence of ATCGCACCT is copied from DNA to DNA what would the sequence be?

TAGCGTGGA

The duplication of a cell's DNA is called

replication

Individuals with xeroderma pigmentosa lack a functioning

photolyase

A type of control mechanism where the product produced in the pathway inhibits its own production at the enzyme level level is called1

negative feedback inhibition

The nucleotides of RNA are

A, U, G, C

The process where the information on mRNA is used to synthesize protein is

translation

Transfer of DNA by competent cells

transformation

Viruses that transform cells and cause cancerous growth are called __________.

oncogenic viruses

Match the following: requires binding site called pallindromes

Matching: insertion sequences

A set of genes under the control of the same regulatory elements defines a(n)

operon

The anti-codon is found on the

tRNA

The DNA of microorganisms is made up of subunits called

nucleotides

The cell component that processes the information on mRNA is the

ribosome

The site where the old DNA strands separate and new DNA strands will be synthesized is called the

replication fork

Match the following: Self-replicating extra-chromosomal DNA

Matching: plasmid

Match the following: DNA strand configuration

anti-parallel

The process where genetic information is carried to a new cell via a bacteriophage is

transduction

All of the following pertain to transcription except it

occurs on a ribosome in the cytoplasm

Match the following: a gene which is continually expressed

constitutive

The enzyme that copies DNA is called

DNA polymerase 3

Which is incorrect about pyrimidines?

are only found in DNA, not in RNA

DNA polymerase reads DNA

in a 3' to 5' direction only

The enzymes that help pack DNA into the cell by coiling the DNA into a tight bundle are

DNA gyrases

Semiconservative replication refers to

an original parent DNA strand and one newly synthesized DNA strand comprising a new DNA molecule

Match the following: RNA that contains information for more than one protein

polycistronic

Groups of three consecutive bases along the DNA of a gene have the code for one

amino acid

Match the following: Discontinuous replication

Okasaki fragments

All of the following are products of transcription except

DNA

Which of the following is not true of bacterial DNA replication?

occurs within the membrane-bound nucleus

The enzymes that can proofread replicating DNA, detect incorrect bases, excise them, and correctly replace them are

DNA polymerases

Transcription begins at a site called

promoter

Pallindromes are

repreated inverted DNA sequences within a chromosome or plasmid

The Ames test is designed to

detect chemicals with carcinogenic potential

The operon segment composed of the gene that codes for a protein repressor is called the

regulator

DNA polymerase III

synthesizes new DNA only in the 5' to 3' direction

Eukaryotic chromosomes differ from prokaryotic chromosomes because only eukaryotes have

all of the choices are correct

RNA molecules differ from DNA molecules because only RNA

all of the choices are correct

Transduction occurs when

when the phage genome is incorporated into the host genome

In repressible operons

the substrate and the repressor molecule combine and prevent transcription or production of the product thus causing the operon to normally be ON

The process where DNA molecules are copied to RNA is

transcription

Epstein-Barr virus has the following characteristics except:

infects the respiratory epithelium

Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL):

is a persistent lymphocytosis with large atypical lymphocytes that is progressive and fatal

The correct sequence of events in viral multiplication is:

adsorption, penetration, replication, maturation, assembly, release

Match the following: Influenza viruses

Orthomyxoviruses

All of the following pertain to monkeypox except:

the virus has shown a trend in becoming less virulent, with fewer outbreaks in humans

Which of the following does not occur during a viral infection?

RNA viruse directly copy their genetic material to synthesize new viruses

All of the following pertain to herpes simplex-1 (HSV-1) except:

latent in the lumbosacral spinal nerve ganglia

The __________ period is the time between entry of the phage nucleic acid into a host cell and the formation of a completely assembled phage within that host.

eclipse phase

Viral growth in bird embryos can cause discrete, opaque spots in the embryonic membranes called:

pocks

T-even phages:

infect Escherichia coli cells

Hepatitis B virus:

All of the choices are correct.

An occasional serious complication of herpes simplex-1 is:

encephalitis

Treatment of an animal bite for possible rabies includes:

All of the choices are correct.

This febrile disease with a rash has a pathogen that can cross the placenta and cause serious fetal damage:

rubella

Documented transmission of HIV involves:

unprotected sexual intercourse and contact with blood/blood products

Viruses that are replicating their DNA and assembling new viral particles are best described as.

lytic

Spongiform encephalopathies are:

All of the choices are correct.

Antibiotic resistance may be attributed to all of the following except

lytic phages

Creutzfeld-Jacob disease is:

a spongiform encephalopathy of humans

Match the following: satellite viruses

will only grow in Adeno infected host cell

Animal viruses may be replicated in the _______________.

either the cytoplasm or the nucleus

. Match the following: Genital Warts

papilloma virus

Which is incorrect about hepatitis A infection?

It predisposes a person for liver cancer.

Which is incorrect about rabies:

average incubation in human is 1 week

Herpes whitlow is a deep set herpes simplex virus infection of the:

finger

Match the following: Ebola, Marburg

Filovirus