bio-chem

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Form of energy our cells need to do work

Carbohydrate

Any sugar molecule

Covalent Bond

Two or more atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons to create a strong bond

Dehydration reaction

With the removal of a water molecule, two molecules become covalently bonded (chemical reaction)

Denaturation

Proteins - a process where a protein looses its shape

Disaccharide

any carbohydrate with two sugars

DNA

the coding of each cell created with adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine

Electronegativity

the attraction of an atom to the electron of a covalent bond

Enzyme

a protein created by the cell and catalyst in biological functions

Functional group

A group of atoms that attaches to a molecule and properties of a molecule

Glucose

a simple sugar; carbohydrate

Hydrolysis reaction

large molecule creates two or more small molecules and water is used as a reactant

Hydrophilic

typically mixed with, dissolved in, or wetted by water

Hydrophobic

repels water

Lipid

fatty acids or derivatives

Monomer

any carbohydrate with one sugar

Monosaccharide

any sugar one molecule sugar

Nonpolar covalent bond

shares electrons equally; that has no charge

Nucleic acid

used as blueprints for proteins (a polymer)

Nucleotide

composed of a sugar, nitrogen containing bases, a phosphate; make up nucleic acids

Organic chemistry

study of structure, properties, compositions, and reactions, of carbon compounds

Peptide

molecule that links amino acids together

Phospholipid

fatty acids head and two phosphate tails to make up membranes

Polar

molecule with uneven chart distribution around it

shares electrons unequally

Polymer

many similar/identical monomers combined with covalent bonds

Polypeptide

polymer made of amino acids combined by peptide bonds

Protein

molecule of one or more polypeptide in a 3-D structure

RNA (Ribonucleic acid)

ribose sugar and nitrogenous bases; single strained; A,U,C,G