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Time management issues

Challenges in balancing academics, work, and social life for college students.

Stress and mental health

Increased stress levels and mental health challenges like anxiety and depression affecting focus and productivity.

Financial struggles

The burden of tuition fees, loans, and living expenses distracting students from their studies.

Poor sleep habits

Lack of proper sleep leading to fatigue and decreased academic performance.

Health issues

Physical and mental health problems affecting energy and concentration.

Infectious diseases

Diseases such as smallpox and tuberculosis prevalent in the early 1900s due to lack of vaccines.

Limited healthcare

Inadequate access to medical care and advancements during the early 1900s.

Poor sanitation

Unsafe drinking water and inadequate sewage systems contributing to illness in the early 1900s.

Unsafe working conditions

Industrial accidents and exposure to hazards prevalent in the early 1900s.

Poor nutrition

Lack of food security and access to balanced diets in the early 1900s.

Vaccination

Public health achievement leading to the eradication or control of diseases like smallpox.

Motor vehicle safety

Improvements such as seatbelts and airbags reducing injuries and fatalities.

Safer workplaces

Occupational safety measures that significantly reduced workplace injuries.

Control of infectious diseases

Use of antibiotics and sanitation practices lowering mortality rates.

Decline in deaths from heart disease and stroke

Medical advances improving cardiovascular health.

Safer and healthier foods

Regulations improving food safety and nutrition.

Healthier mothers and babies

Improved prenatal and infant care reducing maternal and infant mortality.

Family planning

Access to reproductive health services allowing better family management.

Fluoridation of drinking water

Public health measure preventing tooth decay.

Recognition of tobacco use as a health hazard

Anti-smoking campaigns that improved overall health.

Life expectancy

The average number of years a person is expected to live based on mortality trends.

Mortality

The rate of death within a population over a specific period.

Morbidity

The presence or rate of disease or disability within a population.

Health

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.

Health promotion

Policies aimed at encouraging good health behaviors.

Well-being

A state of overall happiness, health, and life satisfaction.

Quality of life

An individual's perception of their position in life.

Health-related quality of life

Focus on how health impacts a person’s ability to have a fulfilling life.

Antecedents

Factors or events that influence a particular outcome or behavior.

Unintentional Injuries

The leading cause of death for ages 15-24, often including motor vehicle accidents.

Homicide

A leading cause of death for ages 15-34.

Suicide

A significant cause of death for ages 15-44.

Heart Disease

A leading cause of death for ages 45 and older.

Cancer

The second leading cause of death for ages 45 and older.

Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases

Another leading cause of death for ages 45 and older.

Intellectual Health

Engaging in activities that enhance critical thinking and knowledge.

Emotional Health

The ability to manage one’s emotions and cope with stress.

Social Health

Building positive relationships and effective communication.

Spiritual Health

Finding purpose and meaning in life beyond physical existence.

Occupational Health

Satisfaction with one’s work and a healthy work-life balance.

Environmental Health

Understanding how the environment impacts human health.

Acute Diseases

Conditions that develop suddenly and have a short duration.

Chronic Diseases

Long-lasting conditions requiring ongoing management.

Preventive Behavior

Actions taken to reduce the risk of developing health problems.

Medical Model

Focuses on diagnosing and treating diseases primarily through medical interventions.

Public Health Model

Emphasizes prevention of disease and promotion of health at the population level.

Individual Behavior

Personal choices and habits that impact health.

Biology and Genetics

Inherited traits influencing health outcomes.

Social Factors

Environmental conditions affecting health, including socioeconomic status.

Policy-Making

Laws and regulations that influence health outcomes.

Health Services

Access to and quality of health care significantly impacting health.

Health Belief Model

Posits health behavior change is influenced by individual beliefs.

Social Cognitive Model

Emphasizes the interaction of personal factors, behaviors, and surroundings.

Transtheoretical Model

Outlines stages individuals pass through when changing behaviors.

Mindfulness

Being present and fully engaged in the moment without judgment.

SMART Goals

Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound goals for motivation.

Consumable Reinforcement

Involves food or drink as a reward.

Activity Reinforcement

Engaging in enjoyable activities as a reward.

Manipulative Reinforcement

Involves physical objects or tasks as rewards.

Possession Reinforcement

Obtaining or using a desired item as a reward.

Social Reinforcement

Derived from social interactions or recognition.

Shaping

Reinforcing successive approximations toward a desired behavior.

Self-Talk

Internal dialogue individuals have with themselves.

Awareness

The essential prerequisite for changing a behavior, recognizing the need for change.

Healthy People 2030

A set of objectives for improving health and well-being in the United States.

Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)

Basic self-care tasks essential for daily functioning.