INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY

CRIMINOLOGY

It is the entire body of knowledge regarding crime as a social phenomenon

CRIMINOLOGY

It is the scientific study of crimes, criminals and victims. It also deals with the prevention and solution of crime.

SOCIOLOGICAL CRIMINOLOGY

The study of crime focused on the group of people and society as a whole.

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6506

An act creating the board of examiners for criminologists in the Philippines and for other purposes.

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 11131

An act regulating the practice of criminology profession in the Philippines.

RAFAEL GAROFALO

Italinan Law professor that coined the term “Criminologia”

PAUL TOPINARD

French anthropologist that used the term “Criminologie”

SOCIOLOGY

Mother discipline of Criminology

PRINCIPAL DIVISIONS OF CRIMINOLOGY

1. Criminal Etiology

2. Sociology of Law

3. Penology

CRIMINAL ETIOLOGY

The scientific analysis of the causes of crime and the criminal behavior.

SOCIOLOGY OF LAW

It refers to the scientific analysis which criminal laws has developed as a process of formal or social control.

PENOLOGY

The study of the control of crimes and the rehabilitation of the offender.

CRIMINALISTICS

The sum of total application of science in crime detection.

GEORGE L. WALKER

A criminologist who in his manuscript argued that criminology cannot be possibly become science as it hasn’t acquired universal validity.

EDWIN SUTHERLAND

He is considered as the Dean of Modern Criminology

NATURE OF CRIMINOLOGY

1. It is an applied science

2. It is a social science

3. It is nationalistic

4. It is dynamic

SCOPE OF STUDY IN CRIMINOLOGY

1. Study of the origin and causes of Criminal Law

2. Study of the causes of crimes and development of criminals

3. Study of other science that examine criminal behavior

CRIMINAL DEMOGRAPHY

The study of relationship between criminality and population

CRIMINAL EPIDEMIOLOGY

The study of relationship between environment and criminality.

CRIMINAL ECOLOGY

The study of criminality in relation to the spatial distribution in a community

CRIMINAL ANTHROPOLOGY

The study of criminality in relation to the physical constitution of men.

CRIMINAL PSYCHOLOGY

The study of human behavior in relation to criminality

CRIMINAL PSYCHIATRY

The study of human mind in relation to criminality.

VICTIMOLOGY

It is a branch of criminology that deals purely on the underlying factors of victimization and the contributory role of the victims in the commission of crimes.

GENERAL CLASSES OF VICTIMS

1. The young

2. The female

3. The old

4. The mentally defective

5. The immigrant

6. The minorities

BENJAMIN MENDELSOHN

often referred to as the 'FATHER OF VICTIMOLOGY. His major contributions were arguably the term 'general victimology' and a typology of crime victims

LOGOMACY

A statement that we have no crime if we had no criminal law, and that we could eliminate all crime by abolishing all criminal laws.

SCHOOL OF THOUGHT

refers to a group of beliefs or ideas that supports a specific theory.

THEORY

set of statements devised to explain behavior, events or phenomenon especially one that has been repeatedly tested and widely accepted.

SINGLE OR UNITARY THEORY

contends that crime is produced by one factor. It may be biological, sociological, or psychological.

MULTIPLE FACTOR THEORY

views that crime is not a product of a single cause or factor but a combination of several factors.

ECLECTIC THEORY

That crime stemmed by one or more factors while in other instances it is caused by another set of factors.

INTEGRATED THEORY

A theory that combines two or more theories to generate a single model or framework.

CLASSICAL SCHOOL

This school of thought is based on the assumption that individuals choose to commit crimes after weighing the consequences of their actions.

CESARE BECCARIA

He is best known for his essay, "On Crimes and Punishment” which presented key ideas on the abolition of torture as a legitimate means of extracting confession.

CESARE BECCARIA

to deter crime, he believed that one must administer pain in an appropriate amount to counterbalance the pleasure obtained from committing a crime.

JEREMY BENTHAM

contribution to classical school of criminology is the concept of utilitarianism and the felicific calculus.

UTILITARIANISM

It is a philosophy which argues that what is right is the one that would cause the greatest good for the greatest number of people.

FELICIFIC CALCULUS

It is a theory that proposes that individuals calculate the consequences of his actions by weighing the pleasure (gain) and the pain (suffering) he would derive from doing the action.

DETERRENCE

the prevention of a certain act or acts (such as a crime) through fear of punishment.

NEOCLASSICAL SCHOOL

This theory modified the doctrine of free will by stating that free will of men may be affected by other factors and crime is committed due to some compelling reasons that prevail.

POSITIVIST SCHOOL

It demands for facts and scientific proof, thus, changing the study of crimes and criminals into scientific approach.

EVOLUTIONARY THEORY (CHARLES DARWIN)

The behavior is genetic and passed down from one generation to the next through evolutionary process of natural selection and survival.

AUGUST COMTE

He was recognized as the "Father of Sociology and Positivism"

HOLY THREE OF CRIMINOLOGY

1. Cesare Lombroso

2. Enrico Ferri

3. Rafael Garofalo