slp 477: chapter 1

Fill in the blank (one word). Difficulty swallowing is termed __________.

dysphagia

Fill in the blank (one word). Inability to swallow is termed __________.

aphagia

Fill in the blank (one word). Pain with swallowing is termed __________.

odynophagia

Fill in the blank (one word). The study of diseases in populations, including how, when, and why they occur, is __________.

epidemiology

Fill in the blank (one word). Material that reaches the level of the vocal folds but does not pass below is __________.

penetration

Fill in the blank (one word). Entry of material below the true vocal folds is

__________.

aspirtation

Fill in the blank (one word). Aspiration without an overt cough response is called__________ aspiration.

silent

Fill in the blank (one word). Hospital acquired pneumonia is termed __________pneumonia

nosocomial

Fill in the blank (one word). Not enough body water to maintain healthy tissue fluid levels is __________.

dehydration

Fill in the blank (one word). A nutritional state caused by insufficient intake, absorption, or safe ingestion is __________.

malnutrition

Fill in the blank (one word). Nutrition delivered through the bloodstream is described as __________ feeding.

parenteral

Fill in the blank (one word). Unplanned weight loss in an older adult can be a subtle sign of __________

depression

True or False. Lack of coughing during meals rules out aspiration.

false

True or False. Dehydration is best defined as excess body water.

false

True or False. Drying medications can contribute to dehydration risk.

true

True or False. Swallowing can involve rapid, overlapping neural, motor, and sensory events.

true

True or False. A person at risk for aspiration should never drink liquids.

false

True or False. Unplanned weight loss in older adults is more concerning than

reassuring

true

True or False. Penetration can occur without aspiration.

true

True or False. Aspiration can occur before, during, or after the swallow.

true

True or False. A clinical swallowing evaluation can be used as a screening approach.

true

True or False. Unplanned weight loss in an older adult is usually normal aging.

false

True or False. Everyone with a neurologic disease must be malnourished.

false

True or False. Aspiration pneumonia is defined by material reaching the vocal folds.

false

Which description best matches penetration?

a. Material passes below the true vocal folds

b. Material sits on the vocal folds but does not pass below

c. Material enters the stomach without airway involvement

d. Material remains entirely in the oral cavity

b. Material sits on the vocal folds but does not pass below

A wet, gurgly vocal quality is noted after swallowing with no immediate cough.

Which interpretation is most defensible?

a. Aspiration is ruled out

b. Airway invasion is impossible without coughing

c. The finding is meaningless

d. Airway invasion remains possible even without cough

d. Airway invasion remains possible even without cough

Which statement best defines epidemiology?

a. Study of disease patterns and determinants in populations

b. Study of muscle fiber types in the tongue

c. Study of single patient causes of aspiration

d. Study of radiographic swallow physiology only

a. Study of disease patterns and determinants in populations

A person attributes intermittent swallowing difficulty to weather changes. The best clinical concern is:

a. Weather is a direct cause of aspiration

b. Symptoms are fabricated

c. Symptoms may be misattributed and underrecognized

d. Swallowing disorders occur only in younger adults

c. Symptoms may be misattributed and underrecognized

Which option best captures aspiration pneumonia?

a. Material touches the epiglottis

b. Material reaches the vocal folds

c. Aspiration into the lungs with pulmonary infection or inflammatory response

d. Any cough during meals

c. Aspiration into the lungs with pulmonary infection or inflammatory response

Which statement is most consistent with a dehydration pathway?

a. Drying medications can contribute to reduced saliva and inadequate fluid status

b. Excessive saliva causes dehydration

c. Dehydration is unrelated to swallowing function

d. Dehydration is defined as excess body water

a. Drying medications can contribute to reduced saliva and inadequate fluid status

A patient has dysphagia after stroke. Which statement is most accurate regarding aspiration risk patterns?

a. Aspiration always triggers cough

b. Aspiration cannot occur after the swallow

c. Penetration and aspiration are interchangeable terms

d. Silent aspiration can occur

d. Silent aspiration can occur

If dysphagia incidence in the first month after stroke is 41.7 percent, about how many

of 120 patients would be expected to have dysphagia?

a. 25

b. 50

c. 70

d. 100

b. 50

Which statement best reflects the clinical danger of the dehydration and malnutrition

cycle?

a. Dehydration and malnutrition can contribute to weight loss and failure to thrive

b. Weight loss guarantees improved swallowing

c. Malnutrition eliminates pneumonia risk

d. Dehydration prevents muscle weakness

a. Dehydration and malnutrition can contribute to weight loss and failure to thrive

A patient is placed on long-term non-oral feeding based only on a single cough with

water. The strongest concern is:

a. This always prevents pneumonia

b. It eliminates the need for further assessment

c. Non-oral feeding is always cheaper than oral feeding

d. Unnecessary restriction can worsen hydration, nutrition, and quality of life

d. Unnecessary restriction can worsen hydration, nutrition, and quality of life

Which estimate matches the annual diagnosed range for dysphagia in the United

States?

a. 3,000 to 6,000

b. 300,000 to 600,000

c. 3 million to 6 million

d. 30 million to 60 million

b. 300,000 to 600,000

Which statement best distinguishes feeding disorders from swallowing disorders in children?

a. Feeding disorders only occur with aspiration

b. Swallowing disorders require pneumonia

c. Feeding disorders reflect inability to achieve adequate nutrition for growth and development

d. Feeding disorders occur only after stroke

c. Feeding disorders reflect inability to achieve adequate nutrition for growth and development

Which stroke feature is associated with increased risk of aspiration pneumonia?

a. Right stroke relative to left stroke

b. Fully intact brainstem function

c. Immediate complete swallow recovery

d. Left stroke relative to right stroke

a. Right stroke relative to left stroke

Brainstem stroke can cause severe dysphagia primarily because it can disrupt:

a. Visual processing for meal planning

b. Central swallow sequencing and cranial nerve nuclei

c. Skin sensation in the hands

d. Peripheral hearing acuity

b. Central swallow sequencing and cranial nerve nuclei

Which pairing is correct for quality-of-life assessment tools?

a. One tool targets swallowing-related quality of life and one targets quality of care and satisfaction

b. Both tools are instrumental swallowing exams

c. Both tools measure only pneumonia rates

d. Both tools classify diet textures

a. One tool targets swallowing-related quality of life and one targets quality of care and satisfaction

If the aspiration rate after stroke is 33.3 percent and one-half of aspirators aspirate silently, about what percent of all stroke patients would be expected to aspirate silently?

a. 6.7 percent

b. 10 percent

c. 16.7 percent

d. 33.3 percent

c. 16.7 percent

Matching. Match the term with the best definition.

A. Dysphagia

1. Population disease patterns

2. Pain with swallowing

3. Inability to swallow

4. Difficulty swallowing

4. difficulty swallowing

Matching. Match the term with the best definition.

B. Aphagia

1. Population disease patterns

2. Pain with swallowing

3. Inability to swallow

4. Difficulty swallowin

3. inability to swallow

Matching. Match the term with the best definition.

C. Odynophagia

1. Population disease patterns

2. Pain with swallowing

3. Inability to swallow

4. Difficulty swallowin

2. pain with swallowing

Matching. Match the term with the best definition.

D. Epidemiology

1. Population disease patterns

2. Pain with swallowing

3. Inability to swallow

4. Difficulty swallowing

1. population disease patters

Matching. Match the airway event with the description.

A. Penetration

1. Airway entry below true vocal folds

2. Airway entry without cough response

3. Airway entry at vocal fold level without passing below

4. Aspiration into lungs with pulmonary infection or inflammatory response

3. Airway entry at vocal fold level without passing below

Matching. Match the airway event with the description.

B. Aspiration

1. Airway entry below true vocal folds

2. Airway entry without cough response

3. Airway entry at vocal fold level without passing below

4. Aspiration into lungs with pulmonary infection or inflammatory response

1. Airway entry below true vocal folds

Matching. Match the airway event with the description.

C. Silent aspiration

1. Airway entry below true vocal folds

2. Airway entry without cough response

3. Airway entry at vocal fold level without passing below

4. Aspiration into lungs with pulmonary infection or inflammatory response

2. airway entry without cough response

Matching. Match the airway event with the description.

D. Aspiration pneumonia

1. Airway entry below true vocal folds

2. Airway entry without cough response

3. Airway entry at vocal fold level without passing below

4. Aspiration into lungs with pulmonary infection or inflammatory response

4. Aspiration into lungs with pulmonary infection or inflammatory response

Matching. Match the quality-of-life domain with the best example.

A. General health

1. Frustration and reduced enjoyment of meals

2. Reduced hydration and nutrition affecting recovery

3. Avoiding meals with others

4. Special foods and feeding methods increasing costs

2. Reduced hydration and nutrition affecting recovery

Matching. Match the quality-of-life domain with the best example.

B. Psychological well-being

1. Frustration and reduced enjoyment of meals

2. Reduced hydration and nutrition affecting recovery

3. Avoiding meals with others

4. Special foods and feeding methods increasing costs

1. frustration and reduced enjoyment of meals

Matching. Match the quality-of-life domain with the best example.

C. Social well-being

1. Frustration and reduced enjoyment of meals

2. Reduced hydration and nutrition affecting recovery

3. Avoiding meals with others

4. Special foods and feeding methods increasing costs

3. avoiding meals with others

Matching. Match the quality-of-life domain with the best example.

D. Financial well-being

1. Frustration and reduced enjoyment of meals

2. Reduced hydration and nutrition affecting recovery

3. Avoiding meals with others

4. Special foods and feeding methods increasing costs

4. special foods and feeding methods increasing costs

Matching. Match the dehydration contributor with the best example.

A. Reduced saliva

B. Drying medications

C. Forgetting to drink

D. Excessive perspiration

1. Anticholinergic side effects

2. Xerostomia

3. Low fluid intake by routine

4. High heat work or heavy exercise

2. Xerostomia

Matching. Match the dehydration contributor with the best example.

B. Drying medications

1. Anticholinergic side effects

2. Xerostomia

3. Low fluid intake by routine

4. High heat work or heavy exercise

1. Anticholinergic side effects

Matching. Match the dehydration contributor with the best example.

C. Forgetting to drink

1. Anticholinergic side effects

2. Xerostomia

3. Low fluid intake by routine

4. High heat work or heavy exercise

3. Low fluid intake by routine

Matching. Match the dehydration contributor with the best example.

D. Excessive perspiration

1. Anticholinergic side effects

2. Xerostomia

3. Low fluid intake by routine

4. High heat work or heavy exercise

4. High heat work or heavy exercise

Matching. Match the malnutrition contributor with the best description.

A. Unsafe ingestion

1. Reduced intake due to avoidance

2. Intake reduced by anxiety after prior events

3. Nutrients not adequately absorbed

4. Intake limited because eating is not safe

4. Intake limited because eating is not safe

Matching. Match the malnutrition contributor with the best description.

B. Reluctance to eat

1. Reduced intake due to avoidance

2. Intake reduced by anxiety after prior events

3. Nutrients not adequately absorbed

4. Intake limited because eating is not saf

1. Reduced intake due to avoidance

Matching. Match the malnutrition contributor with the best description.

C. Fear of eating or drinking

1. Reduced intake due to avoidance

2. Intake reduced by anxiety after prior events

3. Nutrients not adequately absorbed

4. Intake limited because eating is not saf

2. Intake reduced by anxiety after prior events

Matching. Match the malnutrition contributor with the best description.

D. Impaired digestion or absorption

1. Reduced intake due to avoidance

2. Intake reduced by anxiety after prior events

3. Nutrients not adequately absorbed

4. Intake limited because eating is not saf