sensory and perception exam 2

psych 230 uiuc completed units: 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 includes unit quizzes and moodle practice problems currenly does not include unit 8-9 quiz

A sound from the left reaches our left ear slightly before it reaches our right year allows the human auditory system to compute what?

the direction from which the sound is coming

List what all are used in localizing where sounds are coming from in space.

interaural time differences (ITD)

interaural level differences (ILD)

loudness differences between the left and right ear

The subjective experince of sound that is most closely associated with the frequency of a sound stimulus, related to the experince of whether the sound is high or low, is known as _____?

pitch

The thin elastic sheet that vibrates in reponse to sounds coming through the external auditory canal, commonly known as the eardrum, is known as the ___?

tympanic membrane

A sound wave in which changes in air pressure follow a sine wave pattern is known as a ____?

pure tone

The physical unit that measures sound amplitude is known as the ______?

decibel

The three small bones in the middle ear are collectively known as ______?

ossicles

The snail-shaped structure of the inner ear that houses the hair cells that transduce sound into a neural signal is known as the ______?

cochlea

The frequency to which any particular location on the basilar membrane responds best is called ______?

the characteristic frequency

The primary auditory cortex is located in the _________?

temporal lobe

________ refers to situations where sound does not properly arrive to the cochlea.

conductive hearing loss

A mathematical procedure for taking any complex waveform and determining the simpler waveforms that make up that complex pattern (the simpler waves used are sine waves) is known as ______?

fourier analysis

The perceived sound differences between sounds with the same pitch but possessing different higher harmonics is known as ______?

timbre

The difference in loudness and frequency distribution between the two ears is known as _____?

interaural level differences (ILD)

What is the Cone of Confusion?

a region of positions in space in which sounds create the same interaural time and interaural level differences

What is the process by which a person isolates the sound of the air conditioner from other sounds, such as the refrigerator, the television, the clock, and the lawn mower from next door?

temporal segregation

The ______ reflex is the term for eye movements that compensate for rotations of the head to maintain fixation on an object.

vestibulo-ocular

_______ have stereocilia that transduce mechanical movement in the vestibular labyrinth into neural activity.

hair cells

_______ are the mechanical structures in the vestibular system that sense both linear acceleration and gravity.

otolith organs

_______ are the toroidal tubes in the vestibular system that sense angular motion.

semicircular canals

When subjects are passively translated in the dark, they _________ at reproducing the distance they traveled.

are extremely good

_______ typically result(s) from a disagreement between the motion and orientation signals provided by the semicircular canals, otolith organs, and vision.

motion sickness

The view that different locations along the basilar membrane respond to differnt frequencies is known as ___?

place code theory

Stereocillia in hair cells bend in response to the movement of the basilar membrane, and the bending changes the coltage within the hair cells, this causes ____?

transduction of a neural signal

The strcuture that collects sound and funnels it into the auditory canal is ____?

pinna

Animals such as antelope that have eyes on the sides of their head have the advantage of a ______?

wider field of view

The clear front surface of the eye that allows light in, which is also a major focusing element of the eye, is known as the ______?

cornea

Why is the location of the optic disc associated with the blind spot?

receptor cells are not present in this region

The Duplex theory of vision is the doctrine that there are functionally two distinct ways in which our eyes work, the photopic, associated with the cones, and the scotopic, associated with the rods.

T/F

true

What is a receptive field?

the area in the visual world that a particular sensory neuron responds to

A condition that develops from an irregular shape of the cornea or the lens, which makes it impossible for the lens to accommodate a fully focused image, is known as ______?

astigmatism

The left visual world is represented in the _____?

the right hemisphere

The allocation of more space in the cortex to some sensory receptors than to others is known as _____?

cortical magnification

A column within V1 that is made up of neurons that receive input from only the left eye or only the right eye is called a(n) ______ column.

ocular dominance

The dorsal pathway is known as the "what" pathway, whereas the ventral pathway is known as the "where" pathway?

T/F

false

Critical Period refers to what?

a period of development beyond which it is difficult or impossible to change the function of neurons

What is the method used to investigate whether humans have neurons that prefer specific features like specific colors, orientations or spatial frequencies?

selective adaptation

The presence of visual abilities in the absence of the visual cortex is known as ______?

blindsight

The process of adjusting the lens of the eye so that both near and far objects can be seen clearly is ____?

accomodation

The doctrine that there are functionally two distinct ways in which our eyes world, the photopic and scotopic, is known as the ___?

duplex theory of vision

The wavelength distribution of visuble light is ____? (nm)

400-700 nm

The oreinting tuning curve refers to a graph that ___?

demonstrates teh typical response of a simple cell to stimuli or different orientations