Studied by 15 people
Covers LTs. 4.3: Explain the process of bacterial reproduction, 5.1: Model the process of meiosis and discuss how it begins, and how this process leads to genetic variation, and 6.2: Model how organisms make proteins from their genetic code (Transcription & Translation).
What is sexual reproduction of bacteria called?
Conjugation
Is binary fission sexual or asexual?
Asexual
Does asexual reproduction make identical or genetically different cells?
Identical
Bacteria do mitosis, true or false?
False
Conjugation creates more cells, true or false?
False
What is the name of the structure that is built to another cell during conjugation?
Pilus
What do binary fission and mitosis have in common?
Identical cells, makes two cells
What are two advantages of asexual reproduction?
Fast, less energy
What shape is the bacterial chromosome?
Circular
How many cells are created in binary fission?
Two
How many cells are created in conjugation?
Zero
What two processes do bacteria do to reproduce?
Binary fission and conjugation
What is one thing that conjugation and binary fission have in common?
Bacteria do it
What type of reproduction creates 4 daughter cells?
Sexual reproduction
When homologous chromosomes are being separated, what phase is that?
Anaphase I
When does crossing over occur?
Prophase I
What process that involves egg and sperm eventually will happen to create a diploid organism?
Fertilization
If diploid is a full set of chromosomes, what is haploid?
Half the chromosomes/one set of chromosomes
When homologous pairs are separated, and the cell membrane is beginning to pinch together, what phase is that?
Telophase I
When homologous chromosomes swap pieces of DNA, what is that called?
Crossing over
When there are two genetically identical daughter cells, is that sexual or asexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction
When sister chromatids are being separated, and there are two cells present, what phase is that?
Anaphase II
What is a picture of all the chromosomes in a cell called?
Karyotype
If a karyotype has sex chromosomes, is that sexual or asexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction
How many cells are made at the end of meiosis?
Four
What is the scientific term for sex cells?
Gametes
If the haploid number of chromosomes is 14, what is the diploid number?
28
What is the entire purpose of meiosis?
Create genetically different cells/offspring
What is a pair of replicated, similar chromosomes from mom and dad called?
Homologous pair
Does meiosis create genetically different or genetically identical offspring?
Different
What is it called during Metaphase I when homologous chromosomes line up randomly?
Independent assortment
What phase is this?
Anaphase 1
homologous pairs are being pulled apart
What phase is this?
Anaphase II
sister chromatids are being pulled apart
What phase is this?
Cytokinesis I
two cells are finally separated -nucleus is reforming
What phase is this?
Interphase
DNA is in chromatin form -The nucleus is fully intact
What phase is this?
Metaphase I
Homologous pairs are lined up in the middle of the cell
What phase is this?
Metaphase II
Sister chromatids are lined up in the middle of the cell
What phase is this?
Prophase I
DNA is condensing to chromosomes
Crossing over happens
Spindle fibers are forming
Nucleus is going away
What phase is this?
Prophase II
Nucleus is going away
DNA is condensing to chromosomes
What phase is this?
Telophase I
Cells are starting to split
1 cell going to 2
Can see a cleavage furrow
What phase is this?
Telophase II
Cells are starting to split
2 cells going to 4
Can see a cleavage furrow
If a DNA strand is TAC what will the mRNA strand be?
AUG
Which happens first, transcription or translation?
Transcription
What is the end product of transcription?
mRNA
What is a codon?
A group of 3 nucleotides on mRNA
Where does translation occur?
Cytoplasm
What does tRNA do?
Brings in amino acids
What is the end product of translation?
Protein
What molecule has an anticodon?
tRNA
How can you tell the beginning of a gene on DNA?
TAC
Where does transcription occur?
Nucleus
TRUE OR FALSE Methionine (Met) signals the end of an mRNA sequence.
FALSE- it codes for the start
What are the types of RNA that participate in translation?
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
Why can't DNA leave the nucleus?
Could get damaged
What is the final product of translation?
Protein
What structure does mRNA leave through after transcription?
Nuclear pore
What is the name of the tool you use to find the amino acid based on the mRNA codon?
Codon table
What is responsible for reading the mRNA strand?
A ribosome (rRNA)
What two processes is mRNA involved in?
Transcription, Translation
Going from DNA to mRNA is what process?
Transcription
Going from mRNA to a protein is what process?
Translation
What is the monomer of a protein?
Amino Acids
Note
Flashcard