BSC 181 Lab Quiz 1

ocular lens

eyepiece of a microscope that have a magnification factor of 10

nosepiece

Holds the objectives and can be rotated to change the magnification

objective lenses

these are found on the nosepiece and range from low to high power

Scanning lens

shortest lens, typically 4X, only lens you can use the course adjustment nob on (40 with ocular)

Low power lens

10x magnification, (100 with ocular)

High power lens

40x magnification, "High and dry lens" (400 with ocular)

adjustment knobs

moves the stage up and down in order to focus on a specimen

Course asjust

Larger of the two. moves objective lens up an down in order to focus. ONLY used with scanning lens

Fine adjust

Smaller of the two. Can safely be used with the low power and scanning lenses

stage

supports the slide being observed

stage adjustment knobs

used to move the slide on a mechanical stage in vertical(Away) and horizontal (right) directions

arm and base

the backbone of the microscope, attaches the body to the base and used to transport it

parafocal scopes

when you focus at one magnification, the image stays mostly in focus as you move to the next level.

transverse

Divides body into upper and lower parts

frontal

divides the body into anterior and posterior sections

sagittal

divides the body into left and right sections

midsaggital

divides the body into right and left sides in half

cervical

neck region

acromial

point of shoulder

sternal

breastbone

axillary

armpit

mammary

pertaining to the breast

brachial

arm

antecubital

anterior surface of elbow

ante brachial

forearm

carpal

wrist

palmar

palm

pollux

thumb

digital

fingers, toes

umbilical

belly button

pelvic

pelvis region

inguinal

groin area

coxal

hip

femoral

thigh

patellar

front of knee

crural

lower leg

fibular (or peroneal)

side of leg

tarsal

ankle region

metatarsal

top of foot

hallux

big toe

occipital

back of head

olecranal

back of elbow

metacarpal

back of hand

popliteal

back of knee

sural

calf of the leg

calcaneal

heel of foot

plantar

bottom of foot

scapular

shoulder blade

vertebral

spinal column

lumbar

lower back

sacral

area between hips

perineal

region between the anus and external genitalia

frontal

forehead

orbital

eye

mental

chin

Otic

ear

Superior

toward the head

inferior

away from the head

anterior

front of the body

posterioir

toward the back

lateral

away from the midline, towards the sides

medial

toward the midline

proximal

Closer to the point of attachment

distal

away from the point of attachment

superficial

near the surface

deep

away from the surface

mitosis

cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes

DNA is doubled within the nucleus to prepare for cell division, NOT part of mitosis

what happens during interphase?

interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis

What are the three stages of the cell cycle?

cells divide into two new nuclei

what happens in mitosis?

interphase

what phase of the cell cycle is pictured here

prophase

what phase of the cell cycle is pictured here

metaphase

what phase of the cell cycle is pictured here

anaphase

what phase of the cell cycle is pictured here

telophase

what phase of the cell cycle is pictured here

Chromatin condenses into chromosomes, nucleus is already broken down and the chromatin has all condensed into chromosomes. spindel fibers are formed and centrioles have moved to poles of cells

what happens during prophase?

What happens during metaphase?

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

what happens during anaphase?

The chromosomes separate and move along spindle fibers to opposite ends of the cell

what happens during telophase?

Chromosomes uncoil, spindle microtubules break down, nuclear envelope reforms.

homologous chromosomes

Pair of chromosomes that are the same size, same appearance and same genes.

2 sister chromatids, each made with chromatin & containing genes, attached in the middle by a centromere

what is the structure of a chromosome?

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

What are the 4 stages of mitosis?

3 events that make up cell cycle

interphase, mitosis, cytokineseis

spindle fibers

help pull apart the cell during replication and are made up of microtubules. separate genetic material

chromatin

loose, uncoiled form of DNA with the nucleus of a cell consisting of DNA wrapped around proteins call histones (working form of DNA)

Chrmosomes

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

What is the point of mitosis

to create 2 identical cells

simple squamous tissue, in the lungs

what is this type of tissue and where is it found?

simple squamous epithelium

single layer of flattened cells found in lungs

simple cuboidal, in the kidney

what is this type of tissue and where is it found?

Simple cuboidal

single layer of cube shaped cells, nuclei located in center of cell

simple columnar, in the duodenum

what is this type of tissue and where is it found?

simple columnar

Single layer of tall cells, round or oval nuclei near basement membrane

pseudo stratified epithelium, in the trachea

what is this type of tissue and where is it found?

Pseudostratified epithelium

Multiple layers due to difference in cell height, but are really one layer.

they only have one layer of cells

how can you tell what is a simple tissue

stratified squamous epithelium, on the skin

what is this type of tissue and where is it found?

stratified squamous epithelium

has multiple layers, protects underlying tissues in areas subjected to abrasion

transitional epithelium, urinary bladder

what is this type of tissue and where is it found?

transitional epithelium

function: stretches readily and permits distension of urinary organ by contained urine

Location: lines the ureters, urinary bladder, and part of the urethra