APWorld - Chapter 4 - 1200-1450

Units 1 and 2

Chenggis Khan

The title of the head of the ==Mongol== ==Empire==. Means "universal leader". Given to Temujin in ==1206==.

The Great Mongol Nation

The state created when Temunjin united all of the clans and tribes of Mongolia into one singular entity.

Pastoralists

Nomads who moved around with livestock rather than living off of agriculture.

Karakorum

Capital of Mongol Empire under Chinggis Khan. It was bureaucratic because of Chinese influence.

Khubilai Khan

Grandson of Chenggis Khan. Ruled ==China== from ==1271== to ==1294== and created the ==Yuan== ==Dynasty==.

Yuan Dynasty

Dynasty in China set up by the ==Mongols== under the leadership of ==Kublai== ==Khan==, replaced the Song (1279-1368).

Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)

The Chinese Dynasty that replaced the Mongols after they had been pushed out. They returned to ==traditional== ==Chinese== ways (minus bureaucracy).

Ghazan

==Il==-==Khan== ruler who was a part of the Hulega Dynasty. Eased tensions between the Mongols and Muslims by converting to ==Islam== in ==1295== and working towards repairing damage previously done to the Persians.

Safavid Empire

(late ==15th== ==century==/early ==16th== ==century==) The first time ==Persia== was reunited for a sustained period after the collapse of Mongol rule. They forcibly imposed ==Shia== ==Islam==, introducing a sharp divide in the Islamic heartland. 

Golden Horde

Name for the ==Mongol== rulers and occupation of ==Russia== used by the Russians. The territory was named the Kipchak Khanate by the Mongols.

Marco Polo

European merchant who made the journey from Italy to China and documented it. Exposed Europe to the rest of the world with his writings. 

Khan Ogodei

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Mongol ruler who helped ==facilitate== ==trade== by regularly paying above asking prices to attract merchants to Karakorum. 

Black Death

Plague caused by the bacteria Yersinia pestis that spread from China to the rest of the world on ==trade== ==routes==. World population sharply declined. 

Ibn Khaldun

A famous ==Islamic== ==historian== whose parents died of the plague. He wrote on the effect of the Black Death on civilizations throughout the world.