APWorld - Chapter 4 - 1200-1450

Units 1 and 2

Chenggis Khan

Chenggis Khan

The title of the head of the Mongol Empire. Means "universal leader". Given to Temujin in 1206.

The Great Mongol Nation

The state created when Temunjin united all of the clans and tribes of Mongolia into one singular entity.

Pastoralists

Nomads who moved around with livestock rather than living off of agriculture.

Karakorum

Capital of Mongol Empire under Chinggis Khan. It was bureaucratic because of Chinese influence.

Khubilai Khan

Grandson of Chenggis Khan. Ruled China from 1271 to 1294 and created the Yuan Dynasty.

Yuan Dynasty

Dynasty in China set up by the Mongols under the leadership of Kublai Khan, replaced the Song (1279-1368).

Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)

The Chinese Dynasty that replaced the Mongols after they had been pushed out. They returned to traditional Chinese ways (minus bureaucracy).

Ghazan

Il-Khan ruler who was a part of the Hulega Dynasty. Eased tensions between the Mongols and Muslims by converting to Islam in 1295 and working towards repairing damage previously done to the Persians.

Safavid Empire

(late 15th century/early 16th century) The first time Persia was reunited for a sustained period after the collapse of Mongol rule. They forcibly imposed Shia Islam, introducing a sharp divide in the Islamic heartland.

Golden Horde

Name for the Mongol rulers and occupation of Russia used by the Russians. The territory was named the Kipchak Khanate by the Mongols.

Marco Polo

European merchant who made the journey from Italy to China and documented it. Exposed Europe to the rest of the world with his writings.

Khan Ogodei

Mongol ruler who helped facilitate trade by regularly paying above asking prices to attract merchants to Karakorum.

Black Death

Plague caused by the bacteria Yersinia pestis that spread from China to the rest of the world on trade routes. World population sharply declined.

Ibn Khaldun

A famous Islamic historian whose parents died of the plague. He wrote on the effect of the Black Death on civilizations throughout the world.