Ethical Decision Making G5

Ethical Decision-Making

- crucial aspect of human interaction

- requires individuals to evaluate their actions based on moral principles

• personal choices, societal norms, and environmental policies.

Personal Level

• individuals making choices relative on their moral values(like honesty)and principles

Societal Level

• affects how the laws and policies will take form.

• Government policies implemented to reflect moral considerations

Environmental Level

• influences on sustainability

• considers the long term effects of their actions on the planet and future generations

Man is a cross-point in 5 levels

Ramon Reyes’ concept

Physical Level

you're the part of the universe since it's conception as well as part of every physical things that has existed.

Interpersonal Level

you're (present) the product of your interaction of your mother and your father's personal lines of events

Societal Level

cross point of social traits. for example, you being Filipino. some of the Filipino traits you inherit effects your decision making.

Historical Level

product of historical lines of events.

Individual Level

You're the crystallization of who you were, who you are, who you want to be, and who you will be.

Lawrence Kohlberg

Who created the theory of moral development

Level 1. Preconventional Morality

Included here are the:

• Stage 1 (Obedience and Punishment)

• Stage 2 (Individualism and Exchange)

Level 2. Conventional Morality

• Stage 3 (Developing Good Interpersonal Relationships)

• Stage 4 (Maintaining Social Order)

Level 3. Postconventional Morality

• Stage 5 (Social Contract and Individual Rights)

• Stage 6 (Universal Principles)

Stage 1 (Obedience and Punishment)

• Obeying the rules is important because it is a way to avoid punishment

• part of Level 1, preconceived morality

Stage 2 (Individualism and Exchange)

• children account for individual points of view and judge actions based on how they serve individual needs

• part of Level 1, preconceived morality

Stage 3 (Developing Good Interpersonal Relationships)

focused on living up to social expectations and roles

Stage 4 (Maintaining Social Order)

maintaining law and order by following the rules, doing one’s duty, and respecting authority

Stage 5 (Social Contract and Individual Rights)

account for the differing values, opinions, and beliefs of other people

Stage 6 (Universal Principles)

universal ethical principles and abstract reasoning.

Reyes

A moral agent is someone who may differentiate between right and wrong and is accountable for his or her own acts. Moral agents have an ethical responsibility to prevent unreasonable harm.

Moral Agent

someone who may differentiate between right and wrong

Lawrence Kohlberg

established a thorough stage theory of moral development in 1958, building on Jean Piaget's theory of moral judgment for children (1932). Focuses on the thought process that occurs while determining whether a behavior is right or wrong.

moral deliberation

detection, filtering, and weighing (consciously or unconsciously) of relevant moral principles,heuristics, or concepts

Identifying the Ethical Problem

Step 1 of Moral Deliberation

What are the Relevant Facts?

Step 2 of Moral Deliberation

Who are the stakeholders

Step 3 of Moral Deliberation

What are the Available Options?

Step 4 of Moral Deliberation

Double checking the decision

Step 5 of moral deliberation