Bureaucracy & Implementation

Bureaucratic rulemaking 

When federal agencies create detailed regulations that enforce and clarify laws passed by Congress

Bureaucratic Discretionary Authority

The power agencies have to decide how to carry out laws when Congress gives broad instructions.

Implementation

The process of putting laws into action — writing rules, enforcing them, and running programs.

Congressional Oversight 

Congress monitoring the executive branch through hearings, investigations, and budget review.

Power of the Purse

Congress’s authority to control federal spending and funding levels

Advice and Consent

The senate’s power to approve or reject presidental appointments and treaties