med terms week 3

cry/o

cold

cutane/o

skin

derm/o, dermat/o

skin

hidr/o

sweat

hirsut/o

hairy, rough

lip/o

fat, lipid

melan/o

black, dark

myc/o

fungus

onych/o

fingernail or toenail

pil/i, pil/o

hair

py/o

pus

rhytid/o

wrinkle

seb/o

sebum

urtic/o

rash, hives

xer/o

dry

actinic keratosis

a pre-cancerous skin growth that occurs on sun damaged skin

albinisim

a genetic disorder condition characterized by a deficiency or absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and irises of the eyes

alopecia

the partial or complete loss of hair, most commonly on the scalp

blepharoplasty

surgical reduction of the upper and lower eyelids by removing sagging skin

bulla

a large blister that is usually more than 0.5 cm in diameter

capillary hemangioma

a soft, raised, pink or red vascular birth mark

carbuncle

a cluster of connected furuncles (boils)

cellulitis

an acute, rapidly spreading bacterial infection within the connective tissues of the skin

circatrix

a normal scar resulting from the healing of a wound

comedo

a non infected lesion formed by the buildup of sebum and keratin in a hair follicle

debridement

the removal of dirt, foreign objects, damaged tissue, and cellular debris from a wound to prevent infection and to promote healing

diaphoresis

profuse sweating

dysplastic nevi

atypical moles that can develop into skin cancer

eechymosis

a large, irregular are of purplish discoloration due to bleeding under the skin

eczema

a form of recurring dermatitis characterized by inching, redness, and dryness

erythema

redness of the skin due to capillary dilation

erythroderma

abnormal redness of the entire skin surface

exanthem

a widespread rash, usually in children

exfoliative dermatitis

a condition in which there is widespread scaling of the skin

folliculitis

inflammation of the hair follicles

furuncles

large, tender, swollen areas caused by a staphylococcal infection around hair follicles or sebaceous glands

hematoma

a swelling of clotted blood trapped in the tissues

hirsutism

excessive bodily and facial hair in women, usually occurring in a male pattern

ichthyosis

a group of disorders characterized by dry, thickened, and scaly skin

impetigo

a highly contagious bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that became crusted and rupture

keloid

an abnormally raised or thickened scar that expands beyond the boundaries of the original incision

keratosis

any skin grown, such as a wart or callus, in which there is overgrowth and thickening of the skin

koilonychia

a malformation of the nails in which the outer surface is concave or scooped out like the bowl of a spoon

lipedema

a chronic abnormal condition characterized by the accumulation of fat and fluid in the tissues just under the skin of the hips and legs

lipoma

a benign, slow-growing fatty tumor located between the skin and the muscle layer

macule

a discolored, flat spot on the skin that is less than 1cm in diameter

malignant melanoma

a type of skin cancer that occurs in the melanocytes

melasma

a pigmentation disorder characterized by brownish spots on the face

necrotizing fasciitis

a rare, severe infection caused by group A strep bacteria

onychocrptosis

ingrown toenail

onychomycosis

a fungal infection of the nail

papilloma

a benign, superficial, wart-like growth on the epithelial tissue or elsewhere in the body, such as in the bladder

papule

a small, raised red lesion on the skin that is less than 0.5cm in diameter

paronychia

an acute or chronic infection of the skin fold around a nail

pediculosis

an infestation with lice

petechiae

very small pinpoint hemorrhages on the skin less than 2mm in diameter

pressure ulcer

an open ulcerated wound that is caused by prolonged pressure on an area of skin over a bony prominence

pruritus

itching

psoriasis

a common skin disorder characterized by flare-ups in which red papules covered with silvery scales occurs on the elbows, knees, scallop, back, or buttocks

purpura

multiple purple discolorations on the skin caused by bleeding under the skin

purulent

producing or containing pus

rhytidectomy

aka face lift

surgical removal of excess skin and fat from the face to eliminate wrinkles

rosacea

a chronic skin condition of unknown cause that produces tiny red pimples and enlarged blood vessels on the face

scabies

a skin infection caused by an infestation of itch mites

scleroderma

an autoimmune disorder in which the connective tissues become thickened and hardened, causing the skin to be hard and swollen

seborrheic dermatitis

inflammation resulting from overactivity of the sebaceous glands that causes scaling and itching of the upper layers of the skin or scalp

squamous cell carcinoma

a malignant tumor of the scaly squamous cells of the epithelium that can quickly spread to other body systems

systemic lupus erythematosus

an autoimmune disorder characterized by a red, scaly rash on the face and upper trunk that also attacks the connective tissue in other body systems

tinea

a fungal infection that can grow on the skin, hair, or nails

urticaria

itchy wheals on the skin caused by an allergic reaction

vitiligo

a skin condition resulting from the destruction of melanocytes due to unknown causes, resulting in irregular patches on white skin

wheal

a small bump on the skin that itches

xeroderma

excessively dry skin

integumentary system

made up of the skin and its related structures, preforms important functions in maintaining the health of the body

skin

forms the protective layer covering the external surfaces of the entire body

sebaceous glands

secrete sebum(oil) that lubricates the skin and discourages the growth of bacteria on the skin

sweat glands

help regulate body temperature and water content by secreting sweat. A small metabolic waste is also secreted through the sweat glands

hair

helps control the loss of body heat

cutaneous

pertaining to the skin

epidermis

the outer layer of the skin, is made up if specialized epithelial tissues

epithelial tissues

forms a protective covering for all the internal and external surfaces of the body

squamous epithelial tissue

forms the upper layer of the epidermis

basal layer

lowest layer of the epidermis

melanocytes

special cells that are found in the basal cell layer. These cells produce and contain a dark brown to black pigment known as melanin

melanin

the pigment that determines the color of the skin, which depends upon the type and amount of this pigment that is present. They also produce sport of color such as freckles and age spots

dermis

the thick layer of living tissue directly below the epidermis. it contains connective tissue, blood and lymph vessels, and nerve fibers

sensory nerve endings

in the dermis, they are the sensory receptors for stimuli such as touch, temperature, pain, and pressure

collegen

means glue, is a tough yet flexible fibrous protein material found in the skin and also the bones, cartilage, tendons and ligaments

mast cells

are found in the connective tissue of the dermis. They respond to injury, infection, or allergies by producing and releasing substances, including heparin and histamine

anticoagulant

prevents blood clotting

histamine

released in response to allergens, causes the symptoms of an allergic response, including itching and increase mucus secretion

subcutaneous layer

located just below the layers of the skin and connects the skin the the surface muscles

made up of loose connective tissue and adipose tissue

lipocytes

aka fat cells

are predominant in the subcutaneous layer where they manufacture and store larger quantities of fat

sebaceous glands

located in the dermis layer of the skin and are closely associated with hair follicles

sebum

an oily substance that is released through ducts opening into the hair follicles

from here, sebum moves onto the surface and lubricates the skin

sweat glands

tiny, coiled glands found on almost all body surfaces

2 types- apocrine glands- hair follicles

eccrine glands- open onto the skin and are most numerous in the palms of the hands, soles of the feet and the forehead

pores

the opening on the surface of the skin that act as the ducts of the sweat glands

perspiration

aka sweat

secreted by the sweat glands and is made up of 99% water plus some slat and metabolic waste products

hidrosis

the production and excretion of perspiration

mammary glands

milk-producing modified sweat glands. they are sometimes classified with the integumentary system but are also part of the reproductive system