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Social Influence Theory
People are heavily influenced by the thoughts and actions of others.
Compliance
The influence of a person or group on an individual through the use of rewards or punishments.
Identification
The influence of a person or group on an individual through the process of identifying with them.
Internalization
The influence of a person or group on an individual through the process of accepting their attitudes, values, or behaviors as their own.
Pro-social Behavior
Behavior that benefits other people and society in general.
Nature vs
Socio-biology views pro-social behavior as genetic (Nature) while Nurture suggests it is learned during the socialization process.
Decision-stage model of helping
Model of situational influences on bystander intervention.
Reciprocity Principle
The belief that if someone does something for you, you should do something for them.
Social Responsibility Norm
The belief that people have a social responsibility to help those in need.
Personal Characteristics
Past experiences and immediate circumstances that influence a person's pro-social behavior.
Empathy
Our emotional response to a person's distress.
Mood
A low-intensity, long-lasting emotional state that influences pro-social behavior.
Competence
Our capacity to successfully complete a task, influencing our willingness to help others.
Altruism
Helping others without seeking personal gain, often at great personal cost.
Anti-social Behavior
Selfish behavior negatively valued by society, causing harm to others.
Diffusion of Responsibility
The diminished sense of personal responsibility in groups.
Bystander Effect
People failing to offer help in emergencies when others are present.
Audience Inhibition
Reluctance to help in the presence of others due to fear of making a social blunder.
Social Influence
Behavior influenced by observing others or pressure from them.
Cost-Benefit Analysis
Calculating gains vs. losses when deciding to help.
Obedience
Changing behavior due to influence from an authority figure.
Conformity
Changing behavior to match group norms.
Normative Influence
Conforming to fit in a group due to fear of rejection.
Informational Influence
Conforming because the group is respected and believed to have more knowledge.
Culture
Societal emphasis affecting conformity levels.
Group Size
Larger groups exerting more significant social pressure to conform.
Deindividuation
Loss of personal identification leading to increased conformity.
Social Loafing
Exerting less effort in a group setting compared to working alone.
Unanimity
Strengthening conformity when everyone agrees on a viewpoint or action.
Results of Study
Showed 36% antisocial, 19% nonnormative, 36% neutral, and 9% prosocial responses, with criminal acts being most frequent.
Conformity in Asch's Study
Participants conformed ~1/3 of the time when actors unanimously gave the wrong answer; 75% conformed at least once, dropping when a 'real' participant dissented or answers were private.
Factors Influencing Conformity
Asch's study identified factors like majority size and presence of a dissenter affecting conformity levels.
Informational Influence Model
Asch's study helped develop theories like this model to explain conformity in groups.
Limitations of Asch's Study
Not representative sample, lacks external validity, influenced by 1950s USA's conservative and conformity values.
Note
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