Key terminology Paper 1 Section b History

capital punishment

execution of those found guilty of crimes that carry the death penalty

conscientious objector

a person refusing conscription to fight in a war based on moral, politcal or religious reasons

deterence

Discouraging crime by using harsh punishments to frighten people

Crime

An act against the law

Enforcement

Putting law into force/ensuring everybody follows the law

Heresy

holding religious beliefs that contradict official religion of authorities

Homicide

Term for murder/manslaughter

Industrialization

The growth of factories and related expansion of towns in 18th and 19th century

Laws

Rules made by parliament which must be obeyed by citizens

Ordeal

Test of guilt/innocence involving pain and a sign of God

Prevention

Measures put in places to stop crimes occurring

Pricking

Sticking a needle all over a persons body find out if said person is a witch

Crimes against property

Crimes against objects/ possessions

Punishment

Inflicting a penalty on someone who has committed a crime

Rebellion

Defiance of authority/Rising up against a ruler

reform

Changing things for the better

rehabillitation

Making a person fit for improved life and earning a living after imprisonment

retribution

Another word for punishment/ giving back

separate system

Prison system in which inmates had separate cells and almost no contact with others

Silent System

In prisons, the performing of activities in silence

Treason

Betrayal of one's country (especially the kill members monarchy or goverment)

tribunal

A type of court/ panel of people to settle certain types of dispute or judge some crimes

Crimes against the person

A crimes which harms a person ( eg. murder and racial remarks)

Change

A difference in how things were previously

continuity

When things stay the same for an extended period of time

Progress

When things get better

Trend

when there are a number of similar and related changes continuing in same direction for period of time

Turning point

A significant event which is differs from previous events and affects the future

removal

To keep criminals of the street

Compensation

victim/society is paid back for trouble caused by criminal

Property crime

theft, robbery, burglray, poaching and smuggling

Crimes against authority

eg. heresy, treason, illegal protest

Corpal punishment

A physically painful punishment