CPI Correl

Lime Soda Process

Used for manufacturing caustic soda

Lime and Soda Ash

Raw materials for Lime Soda Process

20%

Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) with a concentration of ____ is added to a dissolving tank, and mixed with recycled weak liquor from the rotary filter

Dorr thickener

a giant, circular tank with a rotating rake at the bottom.

triple-effect vacuum evaporator

To concentrate the caustic soda solution, the overflow from the thickening step (containing around 10-11% NaOH) is sent to a _____________

Ammonia

made by Haber's Process

Solvay Process

Used for manufacturing soda ash

Limestone and salt

Solvay Process raw materials

Solvay Tower

This process takes place in the carbonating tower [aka ________] which also contains baffle plates that ensure the flow of solution and breaks up carbon dioxide into small bubbles for an efficient reaction

Electrochemical Industries

Industries that heavily rely on oxidation reduction reactions

ammoniation tower

Ammonia gas is mixed with brine and is carried out in the

"kiln.”

Ammoniated brine is mixed with carbon dioxide, which is produced by heating limestone in a separate chamber called ______

Electrolysis

_____________ is the process of passing an electric current through an ionic solution or molten salt to produce a chemical reaction.

Passive electrolysis

the electrodes are chemically inert materials that simply provide a path for electrons.

Active electrolysis

the electrodes are part of the electrolytic reaction.

Hall-Heroult refining process

The _________________ uses carbon electrodes as inert sites for passive electrolysis

Hall-Heroult process

The _________________involves the electrolytic refining of aluminum from Al2O3 to produce aluminum metal and oxygen gas.

electroplating

The process of depositing a thin coat of metal on another metal by using electrolysis is _______________

Barrel plating

____________ is often used to apply coatings to small parts.

Batteries

cells or series of cells that generate an electrical current.

primary cells, or primary batteries

Single-use batteries that cannot be recharged are

alkaline battery

The most prevalent type of primary cell is the ______________

secondary cell or secondary batteries

Rechargeable batteries are 

Wet cell

traditional battery- contains a liquid electrolyte, (typically sulfuric acid and water)

used in automotive and larger systems

Dry Cells

uses a paste or gel electrolyte- commonly used in portable devices

Pyrite

Ore where sulfur is found

Frasch Process

90% of all the elemental sulfur is obtained this way

Chamber and Contact Process

Two main procedures of manufacturing H2SO4

Cellulose

a major component of woody plants and is constantly replaceable.

Pulp

It is the major raw material used in the industrial production of paper products .

Cellulose

primary structural element in manufacturing paper

PAPER

a thin [matted or felted] sheet material produced by mechanically or chemically processing cellulose fibers derived from wood, rags, grasses or other vegetable sources.

>250 GSM

GSM of Paperboard

Kraft Pulping Process

Alkaline process of making pulp

Dry Process

This method involves several stages: pulping, forming, and drying. The wet blank is dried to reduce moisture content and allow structural integrity, followed by hot pressing to define shape and surface texture.

Wet press

This method skips the drying step and compresses the product while it’s still wet. The pulp is shaped into a wet blank, compressed under high temperature and pressure, and trimmed to final specifications.

Fourdrinier Machine

A device for producing paper, paperboard, and other fibreboards that consists of a moving endless belt of wire or plastic screen that receives a mixture of pulp and water and allows excess water to drain off, forming a continuous sheet for further drying by suction, pressure, and heat.

Calenders (rollers or plates)

smooth the paper or board and impart gloss or other desired finish to the surface.

Cylinder Machine

Fibers are deposited onto a cylindrical wire screen located in a vat of pulp, and the water is drained through it in order to form a layer of paper

Slip clay

is clay with added water to make it a liquid or a paste.

Dry Stage. A.k.a. Greenware

this is when the clay is most fragile, and if not handled correctly, the shape and clay can easily crack or break.

Bisque

refers to the clay that has been fired once

Oxidation

alcohol to acetic acid

Reduction

aldehyde to alcohol

Hydrolysis

starch to glucose/sucrose

Esterification

hexose & phosphoric acid to hexose phosphate

Intermittent Fermentation

a large amount of sugar is necessary in order to secure a high percentage ofalcohol inthe wine

Continuous Fermentation

used when the yeast is already trained for a heavy load ofsugar

Bentonite

or other diatomaceous earth may be used for clearing

Pot furnace

For special glasses like optical glass. Raw materials are melted in pot furnace made of ceramic material capacities varying from 1-2 tons and is used for small production batches.

Tank furnace

Molten glass is obtained by melting the raw materials in 1350-1400 ton capacity regenerative tank furnace and can be used in continuous processes. During melting of raw materials various reactions occur at various temperatures

FOURCAULT PROCESS

A method for manufacturing flat glass

Iron

Catalyst used in Haber-Bosch Process

Baeyer’s process

Production of pure aluminum oxide

Liquefaction

Gases stored as liquid

Spheroidizer

Short length large rotary dryer

Sugar

a form of carbohydrate that the body converts to glucose

Starch

one of the most common substances existing in nature and is the major basic constituent of the average diet.

Soap

A natural surfactant from salt of fatty acids

Detergent

Synthetic surfactant patterned after soap

PETE
Polyethylene Terepthalate

Plastic 1

HDPE
High Density Polyethylene

Plastic 2

PVC
Polyvinyl Chloride

Plastic 3

LDPE
Low Density Polyethylene

Plastic 4

PP

Polypropylene

Plastic 5

PS

Polystyrene

Plastic 6

OTHER

Plastic 7

Trinitro Toluene

TNT

Fermentation

Conversion of sugar to alcohol

Louis Pasteur

founded the scientific understanding of fermentation

Debiteuse

In glass making, the process uses a ceramic die called a ___________

COLBURN PROCESS

the production of sheet glass using began with an iron rod as “bait” immersed lengthwise in a shallow tank of molten glass.

Float Process

used to make high-quality, flat glass for the construction and automotive industry.

10:34:0

When reacted with ammonia, it gives a neutral solution which analyzes __________ and which does not crystallize at low temperatur

EXPRESSION

extracting the oil by means of mechanical pressing methods (expellers, hydraulic press, etc.)

Cracking

is the process of converting large molecules into smaller ones by the application of heat and/or catalysts.

Reforming

is a chemical process where low quality hydrocarbons are rearranged to make higher-octane gasoline and valuable chemicals like aromatics

Alkylation

a process that combines smaller molecules, typically olefins (such as propylene or butylene) and isobutane, to produce alkylates

Vulcanization

a chemical procedure that involves heating rubbe