history again

during the era c. 1600-1799, what was the strongest continent in the world

Europe

Nobles and clergy were a majority of the European population in 1550

false

historians estimate the following number of Africans being stolen and enslaved was at:

12.5 million

Mercantilists believed that

the worlds wealth was fixed and that ones country wealth cam at another's expense

what was the most important factor of Europe's population expansion in the 1700s

increase of food supply

By 1750, the power of the English's monarch (the crown) was:

less than it was in 1600

England's Parliament

• is the English's version of the us congress

• has a house of lords

• has a house of commons

the english bill of rights of 1688:

is a piece of the British system of constitutionalism as they limit the power of the crown

which was the most valuable for the European powers in the Americas

land, sugar, and slaves

the japanese dealt with european pressure for trade by:

sealing off the country except for the port if Nagasaki

the ottomans and the mughals in this era:

saw them be more "reactive" to european developments and their technologies begin to lag by comparison

the qing dynasty was incredibly powerful by the 1700. However, its problems were:

lagging in technological and commercial progress and the problems of ruling such a large empire

Ibrahim Muteferrika

an ottoman thinker interested in European ideas

through the 1600s, French absolute monarchs tended to

gain power via centralizing measures, controlling laws, taxes, and armies

the ottoman, chinese and \_____ dynasties survived but faced increasing pressure from aggressive and more "modern" rivals.

Mughal

what two countries became the most powerful in the world in this period by 1750?

France and England

The qing dynasty engaged in long-distance ocean trade with Brazil.

false

A majority of slaves were shipped to:

Brazil/ Caribbean islands

In Tokunaga Japan we see the greatest amount of cultural flourishing in what city?

Edo (Japan)

At their peak, the Mughals

built glorious structures such as the Taj Mahal

the Qing Dynasty in this period, circa 1700s, saw it as a source of cultural flourishing from:

its own internal population

During this era, 1600s-1700s the Ottomans:

Offered sophisticated education for the very highest elites, not masses

During the enlightenment period, new popular cultures

could be sensationalist, pornographic, and vulgar

in this period european developments in "science" came mostly from which group(s)?

educated aristocrats, upper-middle class, and clergy

chinese advances in technology included

- magnetic compass
-gunpowder
-the compass

the rule of Tokugawa Shogunate, Japan banned:

Christianity

John Locke's preference of government was:

a system the guaranteed life, liberty, and property

The french writer/judge Montesquieu advocated fir a government that:

separated and balanced major governmental powers

the Ottomans educational system

was geared to training the elites of society, not the poor masses

one example of cultural flourishing in Tokugawa Japan was:

Sophisticated print making

Enlightenment ideas

• the importance of reason -birth should not determine on status

• society can be critiqued and improved

• one should apply methods of the scientific revolution to understand society

during the european enlightenment, challenges to the existing system included replacing monarchs with religious councils of leaders

False

Tokugawa government so regulated western influence that:

The west could only land one ship a year

the french encyclopedia was a collection of articles/ illustrations by over 200 intellectuals/artists

True

the french absolutist monarchs dominated their opposition and ruled tyrants:

False

the overall practical purpose of the palace of Versailles that helped to establish Absolutism was:

for Louis XIV to watch over and control the higher nobility who lived there

the scientific revolution

a multinational product with thinkers/scientists from multiple European countries

Copernicus is best known for his heliocentric system

true

Galileo was

• An Italian scientist -a perfector/inventor of the telescope

• a confirmer of the Copernican system

Newton demonstrated that the universe was:

worked according to the universal laws

Newtons most famous work was entitled:

The principia

By the 1720s, European cultural norms had changed so that scientists were then seen as respected and honored in society, especially in England, we saw this with Isaac Newtons\_____:

Funeral

we equate Francis Bacon with:

The scientific method

Rosseau proposed a form of government where:

Where the people ruled

Sugar was described in your textbook as:

A "killing" crop

between 1600 and 1750, Portugal and Spain lost dominance/ power due to:

their "addiction" to gold and silver from the Americas

between 1600 and 1750 in Europe, commercial centers shifted geographically:

to England and France

During the Qing Dynasty, The great wall of China became:

More symbolic than before, at Chinas borders went beyond the Great Wall

\_____ contributed to the North American War of Independence

• the British attempt to tax colonies without allowing representation in Parliament

• New ideas about the rights of citizens

• The British crowns attempt to make the colonies pay for the 7 years war with new taxes

In the newly-created US what document limits and defines the power of the government

The constitution

Radical control over the french revolution led to:

execution of the King and tens of thousands of other French men and women during the Reign of Terror

Some European governments saw the french revolution and its idea so dangerous that:

They went to war with France to stop the revolution

Many would argue that Napoleons most significant contribution to world history was

his conquest spreading ideas of the french revolution throughout europe

The industrial revolution witnessed in its early phases

-horrible living conditions

• horrible working conditions

• many peasants leaving the countryside for cities

we can characterize the origins of the industrial revolution in England as:

a collection of ingredients that allowed it to take place, gradually

The Wahhabi Movement attempted to:

"Purify" Islam

European liberals of the 1800s sought to

promote political equality and criticize hierarchy based to birth

how did western governments view Hong's Taiping Rebellion?

They opposed it because they believed they preferred to work with the Qing rulers instead

Nationalism in Europe

slowly gained strength over the nineteenth century by pushing education and culture to unify "the nation."

The "alternative" visions of the nineteenth century all sought to

oppose authority and protect those who had been marginalized

The rebellion of 1857 in india was sparked by

the repressive rule of india by the East India Company

The taiping rebellion of china gained momentum from what?

• the governments loss of legitimacy due to the Opium wars

• pressures on the land due to population increases

• social instability from widespread opium use

The Wahhabi Movement to institute pure Islam challenged the \_____ Empire

Ottoman

The charismatic leaders in our chapter on "Alternative Visions" offered:

various types of reform against the "pull of progress"

the theories generated by Marx and Engels can be simplified to the term:

political equality

which of the following best describes what european conservatives sought in the 1800s?

to reserve the rise of liberalism and socialism and return society to a hierarchy based on birth

approximately how many people died in the Taiping Rebellion

20 million

one of Karl Marx's concerns when diagnosing problems in Europe in the 1800s was:

the ever widening gap between "haves" and "haves nots"

as we see in this unit protest movements challenged the 19th century order based on industrial capitalism, the nation state, religious practices, and colonization

true

Hong Xiuquan believed:

• he was a brother to jesus -he would lead a new era of economic and social justice

• he should preach a message of revitalization of a troubled world

in the 1800s European conservatives wanted to:

repress nationalism and Liberalism

what led to the failure of the Taiping Rebellion?

western governments also supported the Qing, and provided a mercenary army

After being opened for trade by the West in the 1850s Japan quickly

adapted by implementing modernization programs and expanding its own borders

by 1860s to the 1880s a "second industrial revolution" swept which parts of the world?

the us, western europe, and japan

chinas defeat in the japanse war led to japan looking like a western-style empire

true

during the late 1800s, imperialism was encouraged by

• rivalries between powerful nations seeking to gain an advantage by each nation to accumulate as many colonies as possible

• technological supremacy that made conquest relatively easy

• beliefs that imperialism could provide raw materials and markets

expanding empires in the late 19th century meant:

• the rise of the beliefs of orientalism

• most people in the world did not live in independent countries

• European exploitation of new territories and new peoples

• greater control of raw materials from colonized territories

the idea of "the nation" has at its core belief of:

a common language spoken by all

one major obstacle to chinas reform in the late 19th century was

the chinese qing governments inconsistent policies

to preserve their power in Africa, European colonial administration depended primarily on

military forces to control the local afriacan populations and use of african elites to help them rule

which european leader conquered the congo of africa and ruled it with blood and terror

Leopold the 2nd, king of Belgians

which of the following are good examples of the technological changes associated with the "second industrial revolution" of the late 19th century

steel, petroleum, and electricity

which two european nations arose as newly unified nation-states in the late 19th century

germany and italy

in western europe and in the us we can see this as a response to the dynamic forces of the 2nd IR

• large banks, big businesses, and joint-stock companies

• the university of montevallo

• free education for grades k-6

Japan's Meiji Restoration was led by:

a group of young samurai

in europe in 1900, what word in class did i use that we associate with: communication, transportation, politics, and consumption

Mass

the video clip we watched called the wuppertal "flying train" depicted:

an elevated monorail/train for commuting

due to successful foreign wars, japan, added to its empire by 1910:

korea and taiwan

by 1910, we could say that japan had become a

a "western" power

by 1900, western europe, most people saw their formal education stop at the equivalent of out 6th grade:

true

by 1900, which european country had the best universities?

germany

a successful example of african resistance to europe in the late 1800s was:

algerian resistance to france

as the 20th century dawned, eruopean cities

boomed in population and were redesigned for modern life

what was the main cause of massive european migrations between 1840s and 1914

agricultural areas having a surplus of children/ laborers that were often encouraged to leave to find opportunities in other areas

the meiji restoration government modeled its constitution on which of the following countries?

germany

which country below tried to reform with the "self-strengthening movement"?

china

during the era of the meji restoration japanese leaders were sent to the us and europe to observe and learn and bring back idea to japan

true

indias attempt at political organization to lead to independence was The Congress Party

True

the global "Woman Question" in this era sees

female activist demanded more rights as citizens in the west

during the great war, the entry of the country below into the war "tipped the balance" and saw the eventual defeat of the central powers

the US