IPS Ch. 1

Science

Science

the study of nature

Nature

everything around us

Physical Science

the study of of matter and energy

Matter

anything that has mass and volume

Energy

ability to do work

Volume

the amount of space an object takes up

Mass

amount of matter in an object

Scientific Method

a set of steps to solve a problem

Hypothesis

a possible explanation for a problem using what you know and what you observe

Experiment

tests the effect of one thing on another using a control

Variable

factors in an experiment that can cause a change in the results of an experiment

Model

something created and used to represent an idea

Theory

an explanation of events based on knowledge gained from observations or experiments

Law

A statement about what happens in nature and seems to be true all the time

Physics

study of matter and energy and the interactions between them

Chemistry

Deals with the composition, reactions, properties, and structures of matter

Astronomy

study of the universe beyond Earth’s atmosphere

Geology

Science of the origin, history, and structure of the Earth and the physical, chemical, and biological changes that it has experienced and is experiencing

Oceanography

the exploration and study of the ocean

Paleontology

science of the forms of life that existed in prehistoric or geologic periods

Meteorology

Science that deals with the atmosphere and its phenomenal (weather and climate)

Botany

study of plants

Zoology

science that covers animals and animal life

Genetics

The study of heredity

Medicine

science of diagnosing, treating, and preventing illnessm disease, and injury

Biology

The study of living things

6 steps of the scientific method

1 state the problem

2. observation

3. hypothesis

4. test the hypothesis

5. analyze data

6. conclusion

Standard

an exact quantity that people agree to use to compare measurements

Length

The distance between two points

Volume

The amount of space occupied by an object

Mass

The measurement of quantity of matter in an object

Matter

anything that has volume and mass

Density

the mass per unit volume of a material

Time

the interval between two events

Graph

visual display of info or data

Line graph

shows any relationship where the dependent variable changes due to a change in the independent variable

Bar graph

for comparing info or displaying data that does not change continuously

Circle graph

to show how some fixed quantity is broken into parts

1 in=?

2.54cm

1 meter= ?

1.09 yards

1 mile= ?

1.16km

1 oz= ?

28.35 grams

1 kilogram= ?

2.2 pounds

1 Liter= ?

1.06 quarts

1 gallon= ?

3.78 Liters

Freezing Point of Water in Kelvin

273.15

Freezing Point of Water in Celsius

0

Freezing point of water in Fahrenheit

32

Boiling point of water in kelvin

373.15

Boiling point of water in Celsius

100

Boiling point of water in Farenheit

212

Human body temp in Kelvin

310.15

Human body temp in Celsius

37

Human body temp in Fahrenheit

98.6

Room temp in Kelvin

295

Room Temp in Celsius

20-25

Room Temp in Fahrenheit

68-77

Dependent Variable

changes according to the changes of the independent variable

Independent Variable

the variable that is changed to test the effect on the dependent variable

Constant

a factor that does not change when othe variables change

Control

The standard by which the test results can be compared

Thomson’s Atom

Rutherfords atom

Present day understanding of an atom

Amount of substance in kelvin

mole

Intensity of light in Kelvin

candela

Density of Hydrogen

0.00009g/cm3

Density of oxygen

0.0014g/cm3

Density of Water

1.0