spanish grammar

What is a definite article?

It means “the” — something specific.

Examples of definite articles in Spanish?

el, la, los, las

What is an indefinite article?

It means “a/an/some” — not specific.

Examples of indefinite articles in Spanish?

un, una, unos, unas

Definite article for masculine singular?

El

Indefinite article for feminine singular?

Una

Indefinite article for masculine plural?

Unos

Definite article for feminine plural?

Las

Spanish for “I am”?

yo soy

Spanish for “you (informal) are”?

tú eres

Spanish for “he/she is”?

él/ella es

Spanish for “we are”?

nosotros(as) somos

Spanish for “they are”?

ellos/ellas son

How do you make A word feminine when ending in an o (which is masculine)

By adding an a at the end

Spanish for “I have”?

yo tengo

Spanish for “you have (informal)”?

tú tienes

Spanish for “he/she has”?

él/ella tiene

Spanish for “we have”

nosotros(as) tenemos

Spanish for “they have”?

ellos/ellas tienen

How do you say your age in Spanish?

Tengo ___ años

Definite article for masculine plural?

Los

Definite article for feminine singular?

La

Indefinite article for masculine singular?

un

Indefinite article for feminine plural?

unas

Spanish for “you (formal) are”

usted es

Spanish for “you all/they are”?

ustedes/ellos(as) son

What does gustar mean?

To like

What form do you use if the noun is singular?

gusta

What form do you use if the noun is plural?

gustan

What do most masculine nouns end in

O

What do most feminine nouns end in?

A

How do you make a noun/adjective plural if it ends in a vowel?

S

How do you make a noun/adjective plural if it ends in a consonant?

Es

• Definite Articles in Spanish

• el = the (masc, singular)
  la = the (fem, singular)
  los = the (masc, plural)
  las = the (fem, plural)

Definite Article — masculine, singular

el = the

Definite Article — feminine, singular

la = the

Definite Article — masculine, plural

los = the

Definite Article — feminine, plural

las = the

• Indefinite Articles in Spanish

• un = a, an (masc, singular)
  una = a, an (fem, singular)
  unos = some (masc, plural)
  unas = some (fem, plural)

Indefinite Article — masculine, singular

un = a, an

Indefinite Article — feminine, singular

una = a, an

Indefinite Article — masculine, plural

unos = some

Indefinite Article — feminine, plural

unas = some

• Subject Pronouns in Spanish

• yo = I
  tú = you (informal)
  usted = you (formal)
  él = he
  ella = she
  nosotros = we (masc or mixed)
  nosotras = we (fem)
  vosotros = you all (informal, Spain, masc/mixed)
  vosotras = you all (informal, Spain, fem)
  ustedes = you all (formal in Spain, all forms in Latin America)
  ellos = they (masc/mixed)
  ellas = they (fem)

yo

I

tú

you (informal)

usted (Ud.)

you (formal)

él

He

ella

She

nosotros / nosotras

We

ustedes (Uds.)

you all (formal)

ellos

they (masculine / mixed)

ellas

they (feminine)

• Conjugation of SER

• yo soy = I am
  tú eres = you are
  él/ella/usted es = he, she, you (formal) are
  nosotros/as somos = we are
  vosotros/as sois = you all are
  ellos/ellas/ustedes son = they/you all are

yo → ser

I am

tú → ser

eres = you are

usted / él / ella → ser

es = you are (formal), he/she is

nosotros/as → ser

somos = we are

ustedes / ellos / ellas → ser

son = you all/they are

• Conjugation of TENER

• yo tengo = I have
  tú tienes = you have
  él/ella/usted tiene = he, she, you (formal) have
  nosotros/as tenemos = we have
  vosotros/as tenéis = you all have
  ellos/ellas/ustedes tienen = they/you all have

yo → tener

tengo = I have

tú → tener

tienes = you have

usted / él / ella → tener

tiene = you have (formal), he/she has

nosotros/as → tener

tenemos = we have

ustedes / ellos / ellas → tener

tienen = you all/they have

Singular I like

• me gusta / me gustan

Singular

• You (informal) like

• te gusta / te gustan

Singular

• He/She/You (formal) like

• le gusta / le gustan

Plural we like

• nos gusta / nos gustan

Plural

• They/You all (Latin America) like

• les gusta / les gustan

Ir + a (to go somewhere)

How do you say “The students are going to the library” in Spanish?

Los estudiantes van a la biblioteca.

Ir + a (to go somewhere)

Conjugate ir for yo.

yo voy

Ir + a (to go somewhere)

Conjugate ir for tú.

tú vas

Ir + a (to go somewhere)

Conjugate ir for él/ella/usted.

él/ella/usted va

Ir + a (to go somewhere)

Conjugate ir for nosotros(as).

nosotros(as) vamos

Ir + a (to go somewhere)

Conjugate ir for ellos/ellas/ustedes.

ellos/ellas/ustedes van

Ser vs Estar

When do you use ser?

Professions, origin, personal traits, physical characteristics, identity, time, date

Ser vs Estar

When do you use estar?

Location, feelings, conditions

Ser vs Estar

Conjugate ser for yo.

yo soy

Ser vs Estar

Conjugate ser for tú.

tú eres

Ser vs Estar

Conjugate ser for él/ella/usted.

él/ella/usted es

Ser vs Estar

Conjugate ser for nosotros(as).

nosotros(as) somos

Ser vs Estar

Conjugate ser for ellos/ellas/ustedes

ellos/ellas/ustedes son

Ser vs Estar

Conjugate estar for yo.

yo estoy

Ser vs Estar

Conjugate estar for tú.

tú estás

Ser vs Estar

Conjugate estar for él/ella/usted.

él/ella/usted está

Ser vs Estar

Conjugate estar for nosotros(as).

nosotros(as) estamos

Ser vs Estar

Conjugate estar for ellos/ellas/ustedes.

ellos/ellas/ustedes están

Present Tense Regular Verbs (-ar, -er, -ir)

Conjugate hablar (to speak) for yo.

yo hablo

Present Tense Regular Verbs (-ar, -er, -ir)

Conjugate hablar for tú.

tú hablas

Present Tense Regular Verbs (-ar, -er, -ir)

Conjugate hablar for él/ella/usted.

él/ella/usted habla

Present Tense Regular Verbs (-ar, -er, -ir)

Conjugate hablar for nosotros(as).

nosotros(as) hablamos

Present Tense Regular Verbs (-ar, -er, -ir)

Conjugate hablar for ellos/ellas/ustedes.

ellos/ellas/ustedes hablan

Present Tense Regular Verbs (-ar, -er, -ir)

Conjugate comer (to eat) for yo.

yo como

Present Tense Regular Verbs (-ar, -er, -ir)

Conjugate comer for tú.

tú comes

Present Tense Regular Verbs (-ar, -er, -ir)

Conjugate comer for él/ella/usted.

él/ella/usted come

Present Tense Regular Verbs (-ar, -er, -ir)

Conjugate comer for nosotros(as).

nosotros(as) comemos

Present Tense Regular Verbs (-ar, -er, -ir)

Conjugate comer for ellos/ellas/ustedes.

ellos/ellas/ustedes comen

Present Tense Regular Verbs (-ar, -er, -ir)

Conjugate escribir (to write) for yo.

yo escribo

Present Tense Regular Verbs (-ar, -er, -ir)

Conjugate escribir for tú.

tú escribes