AP Lang Vocab Pt. 2

predicate nominative

a second type of subject complement- a noun, group of nouns, or noun clause that names the subject. it, like the predicate adjective, follows a linking verb and is located in the predicate of the sentence.

repetition

repeated use of sounds, words, or ideas for effect and emphasis

rhetor

the speaker who uses elements of rhetoric effectively in oral or written test

oxymoron

author groups apparently contradictory terms to suggest a paradox ex: jumbo shrimp

paradox

self-contradictory statement or opposed to common sense, but upon closer inspection contains some level of truth

parallelism

similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses ex: it was the best of times, it was the worst of times

parody

a work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule

pedantic

an adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish

periodic sentence

a sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end of a sentence. emphasizes structural variety

personification

description of animals, objects, or concepts with human attributes or emotions

point of view

the vantage point from which a story is told

predicate adjective

an adjective that follows a linking verb and describes the subject. one type of subject complement

prose

written or spoken language in its ordinary form, without metrical structure

rhetoric

describes the principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively

rhetorical modes

the variety, conventions, and the purposes of the major kinds of writing. four most common types are: exposition, description, narration, argumentation

sarcasm

bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something, may be witty and insightful

satire

work that targets human vices and fallicies or social institutions for reform and ridicule

semantics

branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of words, their historical and psychological development, connotations, and their relation to one another

style

an evaluation of the sum of the choices an author makes in blending diction, syntax, figurative language, and other lit devices. classification of authors to a group and comparison of an author to similar authors

subject complement

the word or clause that follows a linking verb and complements, or completes, the subject of the sentence by either renaming it or describing it

subordinate clause

created by a subordinating conjunction, a clause that modifies an independent clause (AAAWWUBBIS)

AAAWWUBBIS

after although as when while until because before if since

symbol

a thing that represents or stands for something else, especially a material object representing something abstract

syntax

the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language

theme

the central idea or message of a work

thesis

sentence that directly expresses the author’s opinion, purpose, meaning, or position

tone

describes the author’s attitude toward his material, the audience, or both

transition

a word or phrase that links different ideas

trope

artful variation from expected modes of expression of thoughts and ideas ex: metaphor, hyperbole, oxymoron, onomatopoeia

understatement

the ironic minimizing of fact, presents something as less significant than it is

undertone

attitude that may lie under the ostensible tone of the piece

unreliable narrator

an untrustworthy or naive commentator on events and characters in a story

wit

intellectually amusing language that surprises and delights; humorous, but but uses terse language that makes a pointed statement