Psych Flash Cards

A laboratory rat hooked up to a brain-stimulating device has begun eating again, even though he was just fed. What part of the rat's brain has probably been stimulated

Lateral hypothalamus

If you lost all feedback from your body about its physiological and behavioral activity, which theory of emotion predicts the least amount of change in your ability to experience emotions?

Cannon Bard's Central Theory

The most complete problem-solving strategies typically involve

Algorithms and heuristics, trial and error, and insight

If you have words and a set of rules for using those words, you have everything you need for

Language, pragmatics

What is the smallest unit of language that has meaning?

Phonemes

Sandra is very excited about studying for her midterm exam, and she remains excited and happy while she studies. All other factors being equal, she is most likely to remember the material studied if she is \_______ when she takes the test

Happy and excited

Holding incoming information long enough for it to be processed is a function of

Sensory memory

Short-term memory can store \_____ item(s) and the duration of storage is \________

7 and 18 seconds

Michael Jordan's memory of how to dunk a basketball represents \______ memory, while his memory for the rules of basketball represents \________ memory

Procedural and semantic

The influence of heredity and environment on mental abilities

The closer you're related, the more similar your mental abilities

Primary drives are \_______. Secondary drives are \__________.

Innate, learned

Which of the following would be least likely to improve recall of textbook information?

A neuropsychologist has an opportunity to examine a patient who has experienced some brain damage. The patient is unable to recall any information from a page he has read, even after reading it 100 times. The neuropsychologist realizes that the patient's \______ must have been damaged.

Hippocampus/ limbic system

The manipulation of metal representations is called

Thinking

The procedure that yields a valid conclusion is called

Logic

Terry would like to go to Colorado for a ski vacation, but can't really afford it. Terry could visit home and see friends for free, but she doesn't want to see her brother John, who calls her "uglier than a hog". This is an example of a(n) \________ conflict

Multiple Approach Avoidance Conflict (Internal)

The term artificial intelligence refers to

Mimicking human behavior

The tendency for groups to make decisions that represent a shift toward one extreme or the other is called

Group polarization

After being hit on the head, Jean-Luc has a memory problem. He cannot learn the names of new people that he meets. Fortunately, he can still remember details of his life prior to his head injury. Jean-Luc is most likelt demonstrating

Anterograde amnesia

Suppose that your psychology class meets after your biology class. When something you learn in your biology class disrupts your memory of something you learned in your psychology class, it is an example of

Proactive interference

The variable that largely determined whether information is moved from the sensory registers to the short-term memory is

Selective attention

The process of putting incoming information into a form with which the memory system can work is called

Encoding

The formula for Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

Mental age/ Chronological age X 100

Dyslexia is a problem with

Written language and reading

Knowing how to bake an apple pie would be an example of

Crystallized intelligence

Jen knows how to play field hockey and now wants to learn to play ice hockey. If her prior knowledge of field hockey interferes with her learning to play hockey. This is an example of

Proactive interference

Which of the following is a proposition?

"Carla is cute"

During a freak industrial accident involving two goldfish and a staple gun, Gert suffered brain damage that makes is difficult for him to regulate how much he eats. He has gained more than 15 pounds since the accident. The accident probably destroyed his

Hypothalamus

Mindy took apart her alarm clock in an attempt to repair it, and now she has put it back together. She forgot how the pieces were connect, so she tries fitting each piece with every other piece until she finds that one fit. Mindy's approach to problem solving demonstrates

Algorithm

The two basic elements of a language are \______ and \_________

Grammar, symbols

Greg tries to convince his instructor to give the midterm exam in the same room where the class is held because it would improve his chances of getting a higher score. Greg must know about

Context and dependent memory

During a quiz, Dave was upset because he knew the answer to a question ("mosque") , could draw a picture of a mosque, was aware the mosque started with an m, but just couldn't seem to get a hold of the actual work. Dave seems to be undergoing

Tip of the tongue phenomenon

A relative permanent change in behavior or knowledge due to experience is known as

Operant conditioning

When you are asked to name the fifty states, which type of memory are you using?

Semantic

Information is retained in sensory for about \______ seconds

One

A high IQ guarantees

Nothing

The mental elapsed time between the presentation of a physical stimulus and an overt response is called

Reaction time

Long-term memory is normally capable of retaining how many pieces of information?

Indefinite amount

If the Cannon theory of emotion is accurate, then the experience of emotion occurs \______ the physiological responses

At the same time

Differ the dog quickly learns that when he scratches at the door, his owner will allow him to go outside to play. This is an example of \________ conditioning

Operant

Troy was playing football when he was tackled and knocked unconscious. After he awoke, he could not remember anything from the football game. This is an example

Retrograde amnesia

Bob was hungry for Garcia's Pizza. Because he was new in town, he didn't have the phone number memorized. He looked up the number and repeated it to himself as he went to the phone. The helped the number stay in Bob's \_______ memory

Short-term memory

One difference between the Wechsler intelligence scales and the original Standford-Binet is that the Weschsler scales

Focus on verbal performance

The method of loci, a common mnemonic device, employs which of the following tools of thought?

Imagery

Randy became sick to his stomach after drinking slightly spoiled milk. Now he finds that sour cream makes him feel a little nauseated. Randy's experience is best explained as

Stimulis generalization

Marsha Brown has a crush on her dentist. Since she got to see him each time she went for a checkup, she was highly motivated to go for check-ups. Marsha's motivation is best explained by the \______ theory

Incentive theory; drive reduction, optimal arousal

Intelligence is

The capacity to acquire and apply knowledge

Ignoring the attention-getting behavior of hyperactive children can be a useful tactic for classroom teachers, since often the frequency of the misbehavior will decrease and even stop. What operant conditioning process is illustrated in this example?

Negative reinforcement

Balanced bilinguals

Equal mastery of two languages

\_______ intelligence declines with age, while \_______ intelligence is stable, or increases with age

Fluid, crystallized