EAPS111 -- Rock Exam Prep

-Igneous (no bits coming off)
-Grain Size: Fine (extrusive)
-Is there a matrix?: Yes
-Color/Shade: Felsic (most often salmon pink like color but not always)
-Surface Texture: Fine, Smooth, often glassy or frothy

Rhyolite

-Igneous

-Grain Size: Fine

-Is there a matrix?: Yes

-Color/Shade: Mafic (dark greenish/grey)

-Surface Texture: Smooth, occasionally vesicular (slight rounded indentations in some spots but overall fine texture)

Basalt

-Igneous
-Grain Size: Fine
-Is there a matrix?: Yes
-Color/Shade: Felsic (very light color)
-Surface Texture: smaller porous, may have pumice-like texture due to volcanic glass fragments but less so than pumice (but overall fine with a few smaller grains)

- Very light weight

Tuff

-Igneous

-Grain Size: Coarse

-Is there a matrix?: N/A

-Color/Shade: Intermediate (light color with black specks)

-Surface Texture: Phaneritic (visible crystals, smooth texture)

Diorite

-Igneous
-Grain Size: Coarse
-Is there a matrix?: N/A
-Color/Shade: Mafic (more dark than diorite, prominently mid brown/green color with black specks, a bit greenish/brown color)
-Surface Texture: Phaneritic (visible crystals, smooth texture)

Gabbro

-Igneous
-Grain Size: Glassy (no visible grains, amorphous)
-Is there a matrix?: N/A
-Color/Shade: Mafic (often dark black or dark brown)
-Surface Texture: Glassy

Obsidian

-Igneous
-Grain Size: Fine
-Is there a matrix?: Yes
-Color/Shade: Felsic
-Surface Texture: Porous, light and vesicular, lots of pores, very light weight, cream color

Pumice

-Igneous
-Grain Size: Coarse
-Is there a matrix?: N/A
-Color/Shade: Felsic (white/light color with black specks, lighter than diorite)
-Surface Texture: Phaneritic (visible crystals, smooth texture) some shiny grits sometimes

Granite

-Igneous
-Grain Size: Fine
-Is there a matrix?: Yes
-Color/Shade: Intermediate
-Surface Texture: Porphyritic (difference in the size of mineral crystals, with the larger crystals known as phenocrysts) (looks greyish-green with black speck looking spots)

Andesite

-Igneous
-Grain Size: Fine
-Is there a matrix?: Yes
-Color/Shade: Mafic
-Surface Texture: Vesicular (porous, light texture)
dark and very pourous

Scoria

-Sedimentary
-Fizz or no fizz?: No fizz
-Texture: Clastic
-Poorly sorted or well sorted?: Well sorted
-Grain characteristic: Angular to sub-angular
-Is there a matrix?: Yes, matrix of fine silt
-Bio Materials?: N/A

-Soft
-Tidal flat, Low energy

very generic looking lol, very fine particles, smooth
detrital, clastic

Siltstone

-Sedimentary
-Fizz or no fizz?: No fizz
-Texture: Clastic
-Poorly sorted or well sorted?: Poorly sorted
-Grain characteristic: Rounded to sub-rounded
-Is there a matrix?: Yes, matrix of finer material
-Bio Materials?: N/A
-River channel, high energy

medium/small distinct particles stuck together haphazardly

detrital, clastic

Conglomerate

-Sedimentary
-Fizz or no fizz?: No fizz
-Texture: Clastic
-Poorly sorted or well sorted?: Poorly sorted
-Grain characteristic: Angular
-Is there a matrix?: Yes, matrix of finer material
-Bio Materials?: N/A
-Steep slope, High energy
large distinct particles stuck together haphazardly

detrital, clastic

Breccia

-Sedimentary
-Fizz or no fizz?: No fizz
-Texture: Crystalline
-Poorly sorted or well sorted?: Well sorted
-Grain characteristic: Well-rounded
-Is there a matrix?: N/A
-Bio Materials?: N/A
-Evaporate basin, Low energy

looks like rock salt, it can be easily scratched by a fingernail, made through evaporation process

chemical, crystalline

Rock gypsum

-Sedimentary

-Fizz or no fizz?: Fizz

-Texture: Microcrystalline

-Poorly sorted or well sorted?: Poorly sorted

-Grain characteristic: Rounded to sub-rounded

-Is there a matrix?: Yes, matrix of fine calcite

-Bio Materials?: Fossils (shells, corals, etc.)

-Outershelf, Low energy

looks sandy grains, may have small fossil/shell pieces, may have some very very light pores as a result

bioclastic microcrystalline

Oolitic limestone

-Sedimentary
-Fizz or no fizz?: No fizz
-Texture: Clastic
-Poorly sorted or well sorted?: Well sorted
-Grain characteristic: Angular
-Is there a matrix?: Yes, matrix of clay minerals
-Bio Materials?: N/A
-Deep water, Low energy

very fine particles, rock is very smooth
detrital, clastic

Claystone

-Sedimentary
-Fizz or no fizz?: No fizz
-Texture: Clastic
-Poorly sorted or well sorted?: Well sorted to moderately sorted
-Grain characteristic: Rounded to sub-rounded
-Is there a matrix?: N/A
-Bio Materials?: N/A
-Glacier, High energy

scratches glass, rounded & well sorted grains

detrital, clastic

Quartz sandstone

-Sedimentary
-Fizz or no fizz?: Fizz
-Texture: Clastic
-Poorly sorted or well sorted?: Well sorted
-Grain characteristic: Well-rounded
-Is there a matrix?: N/A
-Bio Materials?: Yes, shell fragments
-Reef, Medium

lots of fossil fragments, rice krispies treat
biochemical clastic

Coquina

-Sedimentary
-Fizz or no fizz?: No fizz
-Texture: N/A
-Poorly sorted or well sorted?: Poorly sorted
-Grain characteristic: N/A
-Is there a matrix?: Yes, composed of organic material
-Bio Materials?: Yes, plant material
-Swamp, Low energy

rubs off black, shiny, light density/weight
biochemical, microcrystalline

Coal

- Sedimentary
-Fizz or no fizz?: Fizz
-Texture: Clastic
-Poorly sorted or well sorted?: Well sorted
-Grain characteristic: Well-rounded
-Is there a matrix?: Yes, matrix of fine calcite
-Bio Materials?: N/A
-Outershelf, Low

light sparkle (more crystals then oolitic, no fossils)

Biochemical crystallline

Limestone