Solutions and Stoichiometry

Flashcards covering vocabulary and key concepts related to solutions, concentration, and solution stoichiometry.

Solutions

Homogeneous mixtures where a solute dissolves in a solvent.

Solvent

The substance in which the solute dissolves.

Solute

The substance that dissolves in the solvent.

Aqueous solutions

Solutions in which water is the solvent.

Solubility

Substances with similar intermolecular forces as water tend to be soluble; 'Likes dissolve Likes'.

Saturated

When a solution has dissolved as much solute as it can at a certain temperature.

Unsaturated

A solution that has not reached the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved.

Supersaturated

A solution that contains more dissolved solid than a saturated solution.

Concentrated

When a large amount of solute is dissolved.

Dilute

When a relatively small amount of solute is dissolved.

Factors affecting dissolving rate

Stirring and increasing temperature both increase the contact between the solvent and solute molecules.

Mass Percent Formula

(mass solute/mass solution) x 100

Molarity (M) Formula

moles solute / liter of solution (mol/L)

Dilution Problems Formula

Solve dilution problems; (M1)(V1) = (M2)(V2)

Neutralization reactions

Acids and bases reaction where the moles of acid can be calculated from moles of base or vice versa from the balanced equation.

Equivalence point/ Neutralization point

The point where the moles of acid can be calculated from moles of base or vice versa from the balanced equation.