Introduction to Genetics

Flashcards about Introduction to Genetics

What is Genetics?

The branch of biology that explores how traits are inherited from one generation to the next through genes.

What is a Genome?

The complete set of genetic material in an organism, encompassing all of its DNA sequences.

What are Alleles?

Variants of a gene controlling the same trait.

What is a Dominant Allele?

A gene whose trait is expressed even if only one copy is present.

What is a Recessive Allele?

A gene whose trait is expressed only when two copies are present.

What does Homozygous mean?

Having two identical alleles for a specific gene.

What does Heterozygous mean?

Having two different alleles for a specific gene.

What is Amelogenesis Imperfecta?

A condition characterized by defective enamel formation leading to fragile or discolored teeth.

What is a Genotype?

The specific genetic composition of an organism.

What is a Phenotype?

The observable traits of an organism.

Who is Gregor Mendel?

Known as the 'Father of Modern Genetics'.

What is Genetic Engineering?

Manipulates an organism’s genome to add, remove, or modify genes to produce desired traits.

What is Genomics?

Studies the entire genome sequences and interactions among genes within an organism.

What is Molecular Genetics?

Studies the molecular structure and function of genes at the DNA and RNA level.

Name one of the three applied genetics discussed in the lecture notes.

Agriculture, Medicine, Human Development.