APHG Unit 4

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Antecedent Boundaries

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61 Terms

1

Antecedent Boundaries

A boundary line established before an area is populated

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2

Balkanization

The contentious political process by which a state may break up into smaller countries.

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3

centrifugal forces

Forces that tend to divide a country.

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4

centripetal forces

Forces that tend to unite or bind a country together.

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5

Colonialism

The expansion and perpetuation of an empire.

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6

Commonwealth of Independent States

Confederacy of independent states of the former Soviet Union that have united because of their common economic and administrative needs.

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7

compact state

a state that possesses a roughly circular, oval, or rectangular territory in which the distance from the geometric center is relatively equal in all directions

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8

Confederation

A form of an international organization that brings several autonomous states together for a common purpose.

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9

Democratization

The process of establishing representative and accountable forms of government led by popularly elected officials.

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10

Devolution

The delegation of legal authority from a central government to lower levels of political organization, such as a state or country.

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11

Domino Theory

the idea that political destabilization in one country can lead to collapse of political stability in neighboring countries, starting a chain reaction of collapse

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12

East/West Divide

geographic separation between the largely democratic and free-market countries of Western Europe and the Americas from the communist and socialist countries of Eastern Europe and Asia

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13

Electoral College

A certain number of electors from each state proportional to and seemingly representative of that state's population. each elector chooses a candidate believing they are representing their constituency's choice. The candidate who receives a higher proportion of electoral votes within a state receives all the electoral votes for that state.

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14

electoral vote

The decision of a particular state elector that represents the dominant views of that elector's state.

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15

Elongated State

A state whose territory is long and narrow in shape.

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16

Enclaves

Any small and relatively homogenous group or region surrounded by another larger and different group or region

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17

European Union

International organization comprised of Western European countries to promote free trade among members.

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18

Exclave

A bounded territory that is part of a particular state but is separated from it by the territory of a different state.

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19

Federalism

a system of government in which power is distributed among certain geographical territories rather than concentrated within a central government

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20

fragmented state

A state that is not contiguous whole but rather separated parts.

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21

frontier

An area where borders are shifting and weak and where peoples of different cultures or nationalities meet and lay claim to the land.

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22

geometric boundary

Political boundaries that are defined and delimited by straight lines.

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23

Geopolitics

The study of the interplay between political relations and the territorial context in which they occur.

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24

Gerrymandering

The designation of voting districts so as to favor a particular political party or candidate.

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25

Heartland Theory

Hypothesis proposed by Halford MacKinder that held that any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain enough strength to eventually dominate the world.

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26

Imperialism

the perpetuation of a colonial empire even after it is no longer political sovereign

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27

International Organization

An alliance of two or more countries seeking cooperation with each other without giving up either's autonomy or self-determination.

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28

Landlocked State

A state that is completely surrounded by the land of other states, which gives it a disadvantage in terms of accessibility to and from international trade routes

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29

Law of the Sea

Law establishing states rights and responsibilities concerning the ownership and use of the earth's seas and oceans and their resources.

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30

Lebensraum

Hitler's expansionist theory based on a drive to acquire "living space" for the German people

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31

Microstate

A state or territory that is small in both population and area

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32

Nation

tightly knit group of individuals sharing a common language, ethnicity, religion, and other cultural attributes

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33

Nationalism

A sense of national pride to such an extent of exalting one nation above all others

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34

nation-state

a country whose population possesses a substantial degree of cultural homogeneity and unity

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35

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

Agreement signed on January 1, 1994, that allows the opening of borders between the United States, Mexico, and Canada.

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36

North/South Divide

the economic division between wealthy countries of Europe and North America, Japan, and Australia and the generally poorer countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America

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37

Organic Theory

The view that states resemble biological organisms with life cycles that include stages of youth, maturity, and old age.

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38

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

an international economic organization whose member countries all produce and export oil

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39

Perforated State

A state whose territory completely surrounds that of another state.

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40

physical boundary

Political boundaries that correspond with prominent physical features such as mountain ranges or rivers.

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41

Political Geography

The spatial analysis of political phenomena and processes.

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42

popular vote

the tally of each individual's vote within a given geographic area

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43

Prorupted State

A state that exhibits a narrow, elongated land extension leading away from the main territory.

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44

Reapportionment

the process of a reallocation of electoral seats to defined territories

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45

Rectangular State

a state whose territory is rectangular in shape

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46

Redistricting

The drawing of new electoral district boundary lines in response to population changes.

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47

Relic Boundaries

Old political boundaries that no longer exist as international borders, but that have left an enduring mark on the local cultural or environmental geography.

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48

Rimland Theory

Nicholas Spykman's theory that the domination of the coastal fringes of Eurasia would provided the base for world conquest.

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49

Self-determination

the right of a nation to govern itself autonomously

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50

Sovereignty

Supreme or independent political power.

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51

State

A politically organized territory that is administered by a sovereign government and is recognized by the international community.

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52

stateless nation

a group of people with a common political identity who do not have a territorially defined, sovereign country of their own

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53

states' rights

rights and powers believed to be in the authority of the state rather than the federal government

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54

subsequent boundary

Boundary line established after an area has been settled that considers the social and cultural characteristics of the area

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55

superimposed boundary

Boundary line drawn in an area ignoring the existing cultural pattern.

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56

supranational organization

Organization of three or more states to promote shared objectives.

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57

territorial dispute

Any dispute over land ownership

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58

Territorial Organization

Political organization that distributes political power in more easily governed units of land.

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59

Theocracy

a state whose government is either believed to be divinely guided or a state under the control of a group of religious leaders

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60

Unitary State

A state governed constitutionally as a unit, without internal divisions or a federalist delegation of powers.

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61

United Nations

A global supranational organization established at the end of World War II to foster international security and cooperation

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