Care of patient with alterations in oxygen circulation

• What is arteriosclerosis?

• Thickening or hardening of arterial wall

• Often associated with aging

• What labs to assess for arteriosclerosis?

• Cholesterol

• HDL

• LDL

• Homocysteine levels

• What is peripheral arterial disease (PAD)?

• Alters natural flow of blood through arteries and veins

• Result of systemic atherosclerosis

• What are the manifestations of PAD?

• Intermittent claudication

• Pain that occurs even while at rest 

• Numbness

• Burning

• Inflow disease

  • Discomfort in lower back buttocks thigh

• Outflow disease

  • Burning or cramping in calves ankles feet toes

• What are clues to watch out for in PAD?

• Hair loss and dry scaly pale or molted skin

• Thickened toenails

• What severe arterial disease?

• Extremity is cold and gray blue or darkend

• Pallow may occur with extreme elevation

• Dependent rubor

• Muscle atrophy

• What is ankle-brachial index used for in PAD?

• Take BP in ankle and in arm

• To see if reduced oxygen down there

• What is management of Pad?

• Walking until claudication

• Promote vasodilation

• Maintain warm environment

What is venous thromboembolism (VTE)?

• Blood clot

• What are the three factors of VTE?

• Hypercoagulable state

• Endothelial injury

• Circulatory stasis

• What to assess for VTE?

• Calf or groin tenderness

• Sudden onset of unilateral swelling of leg

• Localized edema

• Mri

• What is nonsurgical management of VTE?

• rest/preventive measures

• Drug therapy

What is surgical management of VTE?

• Thrombectomy

• Inferior vena cava filtration