Unit 5-6 APUSH Exam

What was the purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau?

To assist freed slaves and poor whites in the South by providing food, education, and medical care.

What were the three Reconstruction Era Constitutional Amendments?

13th (abolished slavery), 14th (granted citizenship and equal protection), 15th (granted Black men the right to vote).

What were Black Codes?

Laws passed in Southern states to restrict the rights of freedmen and maintain racial hierarchy.

What was the ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)?

Established the 'separate but equal' doctrine, upholding racial segregation.

What was the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)?

First federal act to prohibit monopolistic business practices.

Who were the Robber Barons/Captains of Industry?

Industrial leaders like Rockefeller, Carnegie, and Vanderbilt, seen as either ruthless business magnates or pioneers of economic progress.

What was the Homestead Act (1862)?

Law granting 160 acres of land to settlers who would farm it for five years.

What was the impact of the Pullman Strike (1894)?

A major nationwide railroad strike that led to federal intervention and violent clashes.

What was the Dawes Act (1887)?

Law aimed at assimilating Native Americans by allotting them individual plots of land.

What were muckrakers?

Journalists who exposed corruption and social injustices, such as Upton Sinclair (The Jungle).

What was the significance of the Election of 1912?

Featured a split in the Republican Party between Roosevelt (Progressive/Bull Moose) and Taft, leading to Wilson’s victory.

Who was Jane Addams?

Founder of Hull House, a settlement house for immigrants and the poor.

What was the 19th Amendment (1920)?

Gave women the right to vote.

What were the causes of the Spanish-American War (1898)?

Yellow journalism, the explosion of the USS Maine, and U.S. economic interests in Cuba.

What was the goal of the Panama Canal?

To create a quicker passage between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans for trade and military purposes.

What was Wilson’s 14 Points?

A plan for post-WWI peace, including the League of Nations.

What was Schenck v. United States (1919)?

Upheld restrictions on free speech during wartime under the 'clear and present danger' doctrine.

What was the Teapot Dome Scandal?

A bribery scandal involving the Harding administration and oil reserves.

What caused the Great Depression?

Stock market crash (1929), bank failures, overproduction, and high tariffs.

What was the Dust Bowl?

Severe drought and dust storms that damaged agriculture in the Great Plains.

What was the Wagner Act (1935)?

Strengthened labor rights and protected union organizing.

What were the three R’s of the New Deal?

Relief (immediate aid), Recovery (economic stability), and Reform (long-term change).

What were the causes of WWII?

Treaty of Versailles, rise of totalitarian regimes, expansionism, appeasement, and the attack on Pearl Harbor.

What was the Espionage and Sedition Acts?

Laws that restricted free speech and opposition to WWI.

How did WWII end?

Victory in Europe (May 1945) and Victory in Japan after atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki (August 1945).

What was the impact of WWII on the U.S. economy?

Ended the Great Depression through wartime production and led to increased government intervention in the economy.

What was the impact of the Emancipation Proclamation (1863)?

Declared freedom for enslaved individuals in Confederate states, leading to the eventual abolition of slavery.

What were the Reconstruction Acts (1867)?

Legislation that enforced military governance in the South and set the stage for Southern states' reintegration into the Union.

What characterized the Gilded Age (1870s-1900)?

Marked by rapid economic growth, technological advancements, urbanization, and an influx of immigrants.

What were the outcomes of the Spanish-American War?

The U.S. emerged as a significant global power and acquired territories like Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.

What was the significance of the 16th Amendment (1913)?

Established the federal income tax, providing a crucial revenue source for the government.

What effects did the Great Migration (1916-1970) have?

Led to a large-scale relocation of African Americans from the South to northern cities, influencing cultural and social dynamics.

What was the Harlem Renaissance?

A cultural movement in the 1920s centered in Harlem, highlighting African American artistic and intellectual achievements.

What caused the Great Depression?

Triggering factors included speculative excess in the stock market, banking crises, drops in consumer spending, and reduced global trade.

What was the New Deal?

A series of initiatives and reforms initiated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to combat the Great Depression, focusing on relief, recovery, and reform.

What was the Second New Deal?

An expansion of New Deal programs introduced in 1935, emphasizing social welfare and economic security.

What were the Alphabet Agencies?

A series of government agencies created under the New Deal to address economic challenges, including the WPA, CCC, and TVA.

What was the significance of the attack on Pearl Harbor (1941)?

The event catalyzed the U.S. entry into World War II, significantly altering American international policy.

What was the Cold War?

A period of tension between the U.S. and the Soviet Union post-WWII, characterized by ideological opposition and political rivalry.

What was the importance of Brown v. Board of Education (1954)?

The Supreme Court ruling that declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional, a key victory for the Civil Rights Movement.