Cognitive-Behavioral therapies, Biological Perspective, Biological

Cognitive-Behavioral therapies

dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)

helps people manage intense emotions, improve their relationships, and cope with difficult situations in healthier ways.

• Acceptance – Understanding and accepting your feelings and experiences without judgment.

• Change – Working on changing behaviors and thoughts that are harmful or unhelpful.

Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT)/Rational Emotive Therapy (Ellis)

type of therapy that helps people understand and change unhelpful or negative thoughts, which can lead to better feelings and actions.

• Irrational beliefs – These are unrealistic or extreme thoughts like "I must always be perfect" or "Everyone must like me."

• Challenging those beliefs – In REBT, you learn to question and replace irrational thoughts with more realistic, balanced ones.

• Changing behaviors – Once you change your thoughts, you can also change the way you react to situations.

Biological Perspective: Drug Therapy: Psychotherapeutic Drugs

Anti anxiety drugs

sedatives or mild tranquilizers that reduce excitability, anxiety; depresses the CNS; can have addiction with long term use

Antidepressants

• SSRIs: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (blocking the brain from reabsorbing serotonin too quickly, so more stays available to help with feelings of well-being) are most commonly prescribed drug; lithium is used to treatment bipolar

Antipsychotics/neuroleptics

block dopamine receptors; major tranquilize used to treat schizophrenia; makes patients less withdrawn, less confused and agitated, fewer auditory hallucinations; side effect- tardive dyskinesia 

Biological

ECT: electroconvulsive shock therapy

used 4 depression

Light Therapy

used in treatment of Seasonal Affective Disorder

rTMS (repetitive transcranial Magnetic Stimulation)

application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain (current study on reducing auditory hallucinations)

Psychosurgery

removes or destroy brain tissue

(lobotomy- rarely if ever used today)

Therapeutic Lifestyle Change

exercise, sleep, nutrition