Neurons

Motor neurons

Neurons which conduct signals form the CNS to the effector

Relay neuron

Transfers information form the sensory neurons to the motor neurons in the CNS

Sensory neurons

Carry nerve impulses from the sense receptors to the CNS

Synapse

The gap between axon of one neuron and the dendrites of another

Synaptic transmission

The process by which a nerve impulses passes across the synaptic gap from one neuron to another.

Dendrites

Branches that receive messages from other neurons

Nodes of ranvier

Gaps in the myelin sheath that speed up nerve impulses

Myelin sheath

Fatty insulation around the axon helps signals travel faster

Schwann cells

Cells that make the myelin sheath in the peripheral nerves

Axon

Long fibre that carries electrical impulses away from cell body

Terminal boutons

Endings of the axon that release neurotransmitters to the next cell

Reflex arc

Produces a fast response because impulses passes across along a very simple nerve pathway involving very few neurons and synapses. ( only go to spinal cord, misses out relay neurons in brain)