Earth Science 4

Republic Act 9003 or also known as the “Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000,”

enacted on January 26, 2001; for the safety of human health and protection of environment, land filling and the 3 Rs integrated waste management method (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle)

Republic Act 9003 or also known as the “Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000,”

The law also requires mandatory segregation of solid waste into containers labelled as: compostable, recyclable, non-recyclable, and special use.

0.7 kilogram

Approximately, _______ of waste per person per day is added to the country’s waste due to its more modernized lifestyle.

74 percent

The household is the major source of waste in the Philippines at ______.

8,636 tons

For Metro Manila, it is estimated that _________ of garbage is generated per day.

wastes

The United Nations Environment described ______ as unwanted or unusable materials which are disposed of or are intended to be disposed of or are required to be disposed of by the provisions of national law.

Solid Waste

This type of wastes is in solid form like domestic, commercial and industrial wastes such as plastics, styrofoam, papers, scrap iron, and sludge from a wastewater treatment plant or air control facility

Liquid Waste

This type of wastes is in liquid form such as chemicals, oils, and waste water from ponds and manufacturing industries. It includes sewage as well as wastewater from industrial processes and agricultural processing.

Gaseous Waste

This type of waste is in gaseous form which usually originates from chopping and dissolution operations.

Waste

_____ is produced through the extraction of raw materials, the production and consumption of goods and services

Biodegradable Waste

These wastes can be degraded

Non-Biodegradable Waste

These wastes cannot be degraded

Hazardous Waste

Substances unsafe to use commercially, industrially, agriculturally or economically and have the following

Non-hazardous Waste

Substances safe to use commercially, industrially, agriculturally, and economically. These substances usually create disposal problems.

Non-hazardous Waste

Domestic Waste

Food Waste

Hygiene Waste

Municipal Solid Wastes

Solid wastes that include household rubbish, construction and demolition debris, sanitation residue

Industrial Waste

Liquid and solid wastes that are generated by manufacturing and processing units of various industries like chemical, petroleum, coal, metal, gas, sanitary, and papers.

Agricultural Waste

Waste generated from farming; mostly biodegradable

Fishery Wastes

Waste generated due to fishery activities like fish viscera, fish bones, and scales. These are extensively found in coastal and estuarine areas.

Radioactive Wastes

Wastes containing radioactive materials. These are commonly byproducts of nuclear processes. Sometimes industries that are not directly involved in nuclear activities may also produce some radioactive waste such as radio-isotopes and chemical sludge.

E-Wastes

They may be described as discarded electrical or electronic devices. Some electronic scrap components such as CRTs (cathode-ray tube) may contain contaminants such as lead, cadmium, and beryllium or brominated flame retardants.

Biomedical Wastes

Solid or liquid wastes including containers, intermediate or end products generated during diagnosis, treatment, and research activities of medical sciences.

Industrial Waste

These are the wastes created

in factories and industries.

Most industries dump their

wastes in rivers and seas

which cause a lot of

pollution. Example: plastic,

glass, etc.

Commercial Waste

are produced in schools,

colleges, shops, and

offices. Example: plastic,

paper, etc.

Domestic Waste

•The different household wastes

which are collected during

household activities like

cooking, cleaning, etc. are

known as ________.

Example: leaves, vegetable

peels, excreta, etc.

Thermal Treatment

refers to

the processes that use heat to

treat waste materials.

Incineration

is one of the most common waste treatments. This approach involves the combustion of waste material in the presence of oxygen. It is commonly used as a means of recovering energy for electricity or heating.

Gasification and Pyrolysis

are two similar methods, both of which decompose organic waste materials by exposing waste to low amounts of oxygen and very high temperature

Pyrolysis

uses no oxygen at all

Gasification

more advantageous as it allows the burning process to recover energy without causing air pollution; very little amount of air used

Open Burning

is a legacy thermal waste treatment that is environmentally harmful. The incinerators used in such a process have no pollution control devices.

Sanitary Landfills

The landfill area can be comprised of clay soil which is quite resistant to hazardous wastes or is characterized by an absence of surface water bodies or a low water table, preventing the risk of water pollution.

Controlled dumps

are the same as sanitary landfills. These dumps comply with many of the requirements for being a sanitary landfill but may lack one or two. Such dumps may have a well- planned capacity but no cell planning. There may be no or partial gas management, basic record-keeping, or regular cover.

Bioreactor landfills

are the result of recent technological research. These landfills use superior microbiological processes to speed up waste decomposition.

Composting

is another most frequently used waste disposal or treatment method which is the controlled aerobic decomposition of organic waste materials by the action of small invertebrates and microorganisms.

Anaerobic Digestion

however, uses oxygen and a bacteria-free environment to decompose the waste material where composting must have air to enable the growth of microbes.

waste product

may become a byproduct,

joint product, or resource through an

invention that raises a waste product's

value above zero.

Solid Rubbish

can include a variety of things from household

Corrosive

•these are wastes that

include acids or bases

that are capable of

corroding metal

Ignitability

•this is waste that

can create fires

under certain

conditions

Reactive

these are unstable in

nature, they cause

explosions, toxic fumes

when heated

Toxicity

waste that is

harmful or fatal

when ingested or

absorbed

Non-Hazardous Waste

is any type of industrial waste

which, according to regulations,

cannot be added to a dumpster

or sewage line

Hazardous Waste

•The most common examples of ______ found within the home include paints, batteries, solvents,

Mixed Waste

is waste that falls into two or more different categories of hazardous materials