Studied by 5 people
Questions followed by a list of possible answers that the respondent can select are called
closed-ended questions.
Who was the founder of conflict theory?
Karl Marx
In sociological research, gender
is influential
The ________ is made up of the individuals intended to represent the population to be studied.
sample
What you expect to find according to predictions from a theory is known as a(n)
hypothesis
Robert Merton used the term _____ for the harmful consequences of people's actions.
dysfunction
One of the sociologists who developed symbolic interactionism is
George Herbet Mead
The phrase "survival of the fittest" was coined by
Herbert Spencer
If the questions that you ask the people taking part in your study are not ________, you will end up with biased answers.
neutral
Talcott Parsons was influential in
shifting sociology from reform to theory.
Auguste Comte is credited as being the founder of
sociology
______ is a feeling of trust between researchers and the people they are studying.
Rapport
According to Max Weber, the central force in social change is
religion
Karl Marx believed that the engine of human history is
class conflict.
In the research model, specifying what it is that you want to learn about a topic is the stage of
defining the problem.
________ are used to study people who are unaware that they are being studied.
Unobtrusive measures
Early sociologist and social reformer Jane Addams
won the Nobel Prize for Peace
Police reports, photographs, and videos are examples of ________ used by researchers.
documents
_____ harnesses the sociological perspective for the benefit of the public.
Public sociology
Public sociology
survey
The term real culture refers to
the norms and values that people actually follow.
Which statement about the origin of values is true?
Values are related to conditions of society.
Specific times when people are allowed to break norms
moral holiday
The human potential movement reflects the emerging _____ value.
self fulfillment
The objects that distinguish a group of people
material culture
A group’s ways of thinking and doing
nonmaterial culture
The main way people communicate is through
language
A _____ exists between the value of group superiority and the values of freedom, democracy, and equality.
value contradiction
_____ places an emphasis on the influence of genes on human behavior.
Genetics-informed sociology
Another term for nonmaterial culture that sociologists use is
symbolic culture
Cultural diffusion is a
group of people adopting things they find desirable from another culture.
The term new technology refers to
an emerging technology that has a significant impact on social life.
A society made up of many different groups is called a(n)
pluralistic society.
The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis states that
language has ways of looking at the world embedded within it.
Sociologists call values that are shared by most of the groups in a society
core values.
Technology can be equated with
tools
Most Americans feel that the only proper basis for marriage is
romantic love.
To try to understand a culture on its own terms is called
cultural relativism
cultures become more and more similar to one another.
In cultural leveling
Who said that sociobiology will eventually absorb sociology.
Edward Wilson
_____ refers to learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors to match a new situation in life.
resocialization
The dilemma presented to women by _____ is that a model is thrust before them that is almost impossible to replicate in real life.
mass media
Individuals and groups that influence our orientations to life are called
agents of socialization
Individuals and groups that influence our orientations to life are
virtually everyone
The sworn virgins of Albania are treated by people in their society as
men
_____ intrigue sociological researchers, particularly those separated at birth.
Twins
Who created psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud
What is the first Piaget’s developmental stages
sensorimotor
According to Lawrence Kohlberg, when children have learned the rules and follow them in order to stay out of trouble, children are in the _____ stage.
preconventional
Learning the gender map is known as
gender socialization.
When you learn to play a role before entering it, this is known as
anticipatory socialization
Individuals of roughly the same age who are linked by common interests make up a
peer group
The balancing force in personality
ego
The later older years
end the same for everyone who enters that stage
18-29 covers what ages
transitional adult years
Mead stressed that we cannot think without _____, and that _____ gives us our symbols (language).
Symbols & society
The life course
affects your behavior and orientations
Ages 30-49 are
the early middle years
In a self-fulfilling stereotype
the behaviors of the person change to match our expectations.
The social construction of reality theory states that through our _____, we construct what for us is reality.
interaction with others
The Old Order Amish of the United States exemplify a(n) _____ community
Gemeinschaft
to mean that social life is like a drama or a stage play
dramaturgy
the way that people who perform similar tasks develop a shared way of viewing life.
mechanical solidarity
where we can have some privacy and let our hair down.
back stages
The term organic solidarity is based on the way that different members of society
need each other
the standard or usual ways that a society meets its basic needs
Social institutions
the primary focus of microsociologists
Face-to-face interaction
our efforts to manage the impressions that others receive of us
impression management
The significance of social structure
It guides our behavior
we consider facial expressions, posture, and gestures
body language
Sign-vehicles include
our manner
how societies united their members by shared values and other social bonds to produce
social integration
one of the five functional requisites that functionalists believe a society must meet in order to survive
replacing members
Ethnomethodologists explore _____ assumptions about how the world operates that underlie our behavior
background
Conflict within a role
role strain
Often compared to a spider's web?
Social network
In a _____, some members of a group align against others
coalition
A _____ is the smallest possible group
dyad
How many levels are there from "sociology faculty
seven
A(n) _____ leader increases harmony and minimizes conflict in a group
expressive
An individual who leads by being highly permissive is a(n) _____ leader
laissez-faire
Which of the following might be termed "simply a statistic
category
Someone who influences other people
a leader
How many relationships are possible in a group of four
six
In _____, even after an organization achieves its goal and no longer has a reason to continue, it continues anyway
goal displacement
An individual who leads by giving orders is a(n) _____ leader
authoritarian
In a _____, everyone interacts directly with all the other members
small group
in a bureaucracy, assignments flow _____ and accountability flows _____.
downward; upward
Solomon Asch's experiment demonstrated the power of
peer pressure
The key to preventing groupthink might be
the widest possible circulation of research by social scientists
Stanley Milgram's research led to the phrase "_____ degrees of separation
six
The tendency of formal organizations to be dominated by a small, self-perpetuating elite is known as
the iron law of oligarchy.
self-fulfilling stereotypes are part of a(n) _____ corporate culture.
hidden
An individual who leads by trying to reach a consensus is a(n) _____ leader
democratic
When workers identified with the interests of capitalists, Marx called it _____
false class consciousness
In endogamy, one
marries within one's group
Through the various means, global stratification
is not easy to maintain
Most of the countries of the former Soviet Union and its former satellites in Eastern Europe fall into the category of the
Industrializing Nations
The tools, factories, land, and investment capital used to produce wealth make up the
means of production
Global domination
may be on the verge of a major shift from West to East
Note
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