Intro Sociology Midterm

Questions followed by a list of possible answers that the respondent can select are called

 

closed-ended questions.

Who was the founder of conflict theory?

Karl Marx

In sociological research, gender

is influential

The ________ is made up of the individuals intended to represent the population to be studied.

sample

What you expect to find according to predictions from a theory is known as a(n)

hypothesis

Robert Merton used the term _____ for the harmful consequences of people's actions.

dysfunction

One of the sociologists who developed symbolic interactionism is

George Herbet Mead

The phrase "survival of the fittest" was coined by

Herbert Spencer

If the questions that you ask the people taking part in your study are not ________, you will end up with biased answers.

neutral

Talcott Parsons was influential in

 

shifting sociology from reform to theory.

Auguste Comte is credited as being the founder of

sociology

______ is a feeling of trust between researchers and the people they are studying.

Rapport

According to Max Weber, the central force in social change is

religion

Karl Marx believed that the engine of human history is

class conflict.

In the research model, specifying what it is that you want to learn about a topic is the stage of

 

defining the problem.

________ are used to study people who are unaware that they are being studied.

 

Unobtrusive measures

Early sociologist and social reformer Jane Addams

won the Nobel Prize for Peace

Police reports, photographs, and videos are examples of ________ used by researchers.

documents

_____ harnesses the sociological perspective for the benefit of the public.

 

Public sociology

 

Public sociology

survey

The term real culture refers to

 the norms and values that people actually follow.

Which statement about the origin of values is true?

 

Values are related to conditions of society.

Specific times when people are allowed to break norms

moral holiday

The human potential movement reflects the emerging _____ value.

self fulfillment

The objects that distinguish a group of people

material culture

A group’s ways of thinking and doing

nonmaterial culture

The main way people communicate is through

language

A _____ exists between the value of group superiority and the values of freedom, democracy, and equality.

value contradiction

_____ places an emphasis on the influence of genes on human behavior.

 

Genetics-informed sociology

Another term for nonmaterial culture that sociologists use is

symbolic culture

Cultural diffusion is a

 

group of people adopting things they find desirable from another culture.

The term new technology refers to

an emerging technology that has a significant impact on social life.

A society made up of many different groups is called a(n)

 

pluralistic society.

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis states that

language has ways of looking at the world embedded within it.

Sociologists call values that are shared by most of the groups in a society

core values.

Technology can be equated with

tools

Most Americans feel that the only proper basis for marriage is

romantic love.

To try to understand a culture on its own terms is called

cultural relativism

cultures become more and more similar to one another.

In cultural leveling

Who said that sociobiology will eventually absorb sociology.

Edward Wilson

_____ refers to learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors to match a new situation in life.

resocialization

The dilemma presented to women by _____ is that a model is thrust before them that is almost impossible to replicate in real life.

mass media

Individuals and groups that influence our orientations to life are called

agents of socialization

Individuals and groups that influence our orientations to life are

virtually everyone

The sworn virgins of Albania are treated by people in their society as

men

_____ intrigue sociological researchers, particularly those separated at birth.

Twins

Who created psychoanalysis

Sigmund Freud

What is the first Piaget’s developmental stages

sensorimotor

According to Lawrence Kohlberg, when children have learned the rules and follow them in order to stay out of trouble, children are in the _____ stage.

preconventional

Learning the gender map is known as

 gender socialization.

When you learn to play a role before entering it, this is known as

anticipatory socialization

Individuals of roughly the same age who are linked by common interests make up a

peer group

The balancing force in personality

ego

The later older years

end the same for everyone who enters that stage

18-29 covers what ages

transitional adult years

Mead stressed that we cannot think without _____, and that _____ gives us our symbols (language).

Symbols & society

The life course

affects your behavior and orientations

Ages 30-49 are

the early middle years

In a self-fulfilling stereotype

the behaviors of the person change to match our expectations.

The social construction of reality theory states that through our _____, we construct what for us is reality.

interaction with others

The Old Order Amish of the United States exemplify a(n) _____ community

Gemeinschaft

to mean that social life is like a drama or a stage play

dramaturgy

the way that people who perform similar tasks develop a shared way of viewing life.

mechanical solidarity

where we can have some privacy and let our hair down.

back stages

The term organic solidarity is based on the way that different members of society

need each other

the standard or usual ways that a society meets its basic needs

Social institutions

the primary focus of microsociologists

Face-to-face interaction

our efforts to manage the impressions that others receive of us

impression management

The significance of social structure

It guides our behavior

we consider facial expressions, posture, and gestures

body language

Sign-vehicles include

our manner

how societies united their members by shared values and other social bonds to produce

social integration

one of the five functional requisites that functionalists believe a society must meet in order to survive

replacing members

Ethnomethodologists explore _____ assumptions about how the world operates that underlie our behavior

background

Conflict within a role

role strain

Often compared to a spider's web?

Social network

In a _____, some members of a group align against others

coalition

A _____ is the smallest possible group

dyad

How many levels are there from "sociology faculty

seven

A(n) _____ leader increases harmony and minimizes conflict in a group

expressive

An individual who leads by being highly permissive is a(n) _____ leader

laissez-faire

Which of the following might be termed "simply a statistic

category

Someone who influences other people

a leader

How many relationships are possible in a group of four

six

In _____, even after an organization achieves its goal and no longer has a reason to continue, it continues anyway

goal displacement

An individual who leads by giving orders is a(n) _____ leader

authoritarian

In a _____, everyone interacts directly with all the other members

small group

in a bureaucracy, assignments flow _____ and accountability flows _____.

downward; upward

Solomon Asch's experiment demonstrated the power of

peer pressure

The key to preventing groupthink might be

the widest possible circulation of research by social scientists

Stanley Milgram's research led to the phrase "_____ degrees of separation

six

The tendency of formal organizations to be dominated by a small, self-perpetuating elite is known as

the iron law of oligarchy.

self-fulfilling stereotypes are part of a(n) _____ corporate culture.

hidden

An individual who leads by trying to reach a consensus is a(n) _____ leader

democratic

When workers identified with the interests of capitalists, Marx called it _____

false class consciousness

In endogamy, one

marries within one's group

Through the various means, global stratification

is not easy to maintain

Most of the countries of the former Soviet Union and its former satellites in Eastern Europe fall into the category of the

Industrializing Nations

The tools, factories, land, and investment capital used to produce wealth make up the

means of production

Global domination

may be on the verge of a major shift from West to East