L13: Understanding Human Acts and Moral Responsibility

ACTS

Expressions of human actions

CONCUPISCENCE

Affection of sensible faculties which considers their object as good or evil.

FREEDOM

The right to do what a person wants.

HABITS

Permanent qualities of a person, which predispose his/her faculties to act with ease or readily.

HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

A ranking of needs from the basic to the complex THAT a person wants to achieve or is still trying to achieve.

HUMAN ACTION

An external manifestation of one's inner choice of a free self-determining choice.

MORALITY

A concept of good, proper, and ethical actions.

NEGLIGENCE

A type of tort associated with failure to carry out reasonable care, precautions, or protocols.

PASSION

An irrational working of a person's mind complemented by notable alteration by the body for the apprehension of what is good or evil, and characterized by intense emotions and convictions that defy reason.

VALUES

A set of moral deeds or virtues.

VICES

Bad habits or tendencies of wrongdoings.

VIOLENCE

An impulse or tendency to act against other people to the extent of inflicting harm on them.

VIRTUES

Good habits that force a person to do what is morally right for himself/herself and for others.

WILL

A voluntary action of a person.

NATURE OF MAN

These are the actual things people do as a result of their choices.

DOCTRINE

Human acts are our choices and human actions are what we actually do.

DISTINCTION BETWEEN ACTS AND ACTION

This position is often associated with the doctrine of unconditional election.

AUGUSTINIAN

In terms of their differences, Augustan Aeneas strongly gives an emphasis on predestination.

SEMI-PELAGIANISM

Represents a middle ground between Augustinianism and Pelagianism.

HUMAN AS DOER OF AN ACT

The individual responsible for carrying out a specific action or task.

ACT OF A HUMAN

When a person has no control over an act but still executes it.

HUMAN ACT

When a person does or chooses to do an act and the act is done.

Act

A term used as a noun or verb.

Action

A noun referring to a specific deed performed.

Original Sin

Doctrine stating humans inherit sinful nature.

Act of Benevolence

Behavior promoting kindness and well-being.

Benevolence

Virtue associated with generosity and compassion.

Pelagianism

Belief in moral neutrality at birth.

Human Act

Intentionally chosen action with moral significance.

Act of a Human

Any action performed by a human being.

Semi-Pelagianism

Doctrine stating spiritual assistance is needed.

Morality

Framework for distinguishing right from wrong.

Passion

Emotional state influencing decision-making.

Ethical Reasoning

Process of evaluating moral dilemmas.

Moral Responsibility

Accountability for actions based on intent.

Virtue Ethics

Ethical theory focusing on character and virtues.

Passion for Money

Desire that can lead to greed.

Passion for Solution

Passive desire to explore problem-solving options.

Passion for Product

Common desire experienced by many.

Passion for Industry

Desire related to work and productivity.

Passion for Growth

Desire for achievement and personal fulfillment.

Passion for Help

Strong desire to assist others positively.

Philanthropy

Charitable actions driven by passion.

Good Act

An action intended to produce positive outcomes.

Evil Effect

Negative consequence foreseen from an action.

Synergies

Combining efforts for better outcomes.

Moral Distinction

Differentiating between right and wrong actions.

Ethical Judgement

Assessment of actions based on moral principles.

Human Nature

Inherent characteristics of humans, often seen as sinful.

Free Will

Ability to choose actions independently.

Concupiscible Passion

Desire for perceived good or pleasure.

Irascible Passion

Emotions related to overcoming obstacles.

Love

Desire for a perceived good.

Hate

Aversion towards something perceived as evil.

Desire

Inclination towards something seen as good.

Aversion

Avoidance of something perceived as bad.

Joy

Pleasure from obtaining a desired good.

Sorrow

Emotional response to loss or pain.

Determinants of Morality

Factors influencing moral beliefs and behavior.

Object of the Act

The action itself, evaluated as good or bad.

End Purpose of an Act

The intended outcome of an action.

Circumstances of an Act

Context affecting the moral evaluation of an act.

Accountability

Responsibility for actions, good or bad.

Ignorance of the Act

Lack of knowledge does not exempt from liability.

Essence of Morality

Fundamental nature and purpose of moral principles.

Fear

Hindrance to performing good acts due to anxiety.

Menschenwürde

Inalienable value of human beings.

Violence

External force compelling actions against choice.

Hope

Expectation of a positive outcome.

Despair

Loss of hope; feeling hopeless.

Courage

Ability to confront fear or adversity.

Fear (as a hindrance)

Fear preventing moral actions.

Human Identity

Self-respect and recognition as a person.

Concupiscence

Strong inclination towards sensible goods.

Moral Act

Action evaluated based on ethical standards.

Moral Rightness

Determined by good intentions and actions.

Moral Wrongness

Actions deemed unethical or harmful.

Social Creatures

Humans require recognition and respect from others.

Obligation

Duty to avert evil consequences.

Antecedent Merit

Merit arising without willful intention.

Consequent Merit

Merit arising from willful intention.

Sensible Good or Evil

Perceived stimuli prompting instinctive appetite.

Moral Status

Emphasis on moral autonomy and integrity.

Needs of Individuals

Basic human needs for dignity and belonging.

Identity

Understanding oneself and building reputation.

Ignorance

Lack of knowledge affecting actions.

Negligence

Failure to exercise reasonable care.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Five-tier model of human needs.

Physiological Needs

Basic survival needs: food, water, shelter.

Safety Needs

Need for security and freedom from threats.

Social Needs

Desire for belonging and affection.

Esteem Needs

Need for respect and recognition.

Self-Actualization

Fulfillment of personal potential.

Duty of Care

Legal obligation to ensure safety.

Proximate Cause

Primary cause leading to injury.

Collaboration

Working together towards common goals.

Justice

Advocating for social change and respect.

Stewardship

Responsible management of resources.

Conscience

Inner sense of right and wrong.

Common Values

Shared principles guiding behavior.