Carbohydrate fermentation Quiz

What are the 7 carbohydrate fermentation tests?

1. Phenol red

2. KIA

3. OF

4. MRVP

5. SIM

6. Motility

7. Citrate

What does KIA stand for?

Klinger Iron Agar

What does OF stand for?

Oxidation-Fermentation

What does the MR in MRVP stand for?

Methyl Red

What does the VP in MRVP stand for?

Vogues-Proskaur

What does SIM stand for?

sulfur, indole, motility

What does Phenol Red test for?

1. does it ferment a single carbohydrate

2. does it produce gas?

What is undefined media?

contains plant and/or animal matter, we know what is in it but not how much

What is defined media?

contains plant and/or animal matter but 99% contains inorganic material, we know what is in it and how much.

What type of media does Phenol red have?

Undefined media that is a broth

What does the broth in Phenol Red contain?

- peptones

- single carbohydrate

- indicator

- durham tube

What do the peptones in phenol red make?

proteins

What type of carbohydrates are tested in phenol red?

sucrose

lactose

dextrose

What indicator does phenol red have and what type of indicator is it?

phenol red and its pH indicator

What is a durham tube?

collects gas produced by bacteria

Why would there be a durham tube in the phenol red test?

when bacteria ferments makes acid

What color does the phenol red test become with pH is lowered and why is it lowered?

Lowered when bacteria ferments creating acid making the tube yellow

How much time do you have to read a phenol red test and why, what is the why called?

48 hrs later, because bacteria eat the sugars but then eat the peptones, making them into bases, increasing the pH, which is called reversion

What color is the basic for phenol red?

Magenta

What color is the neutral for phenol red?

red

What color is acidic for phenol red?

yellow

What does the KIA test, test for?

1. Does it ferment glucose and lactose?

2. Does it reduce sulfur?

What media does KIA have?

Undefined media

What are the 3 different results for KIA pH wise?

Basic: magenta

Neutral: Red

Acidic: Yellow

What happens in KIA if it makes precipitate and what is it?

bacteria is sulfur reducer and its black.

How is the tube of KIA test built?

Glucose is in butt of tube and lactose is on slant

What happens if only the butt of a KIA test tube turn yellow?

It only ferments glucose

What happens if the entire tub in a KIA test tube turns yellow?

ferments both glucose and lactose

How many grams of lactose and glucose does a KIA test have?

10 g lactose and 1 g glucose

What other things does a KIA test have?

- peptones

- iron components

- indicator

What type of indicator does the KIA test have?

phenol red

What bacteria ferments dextrose and lactose? Does it make a bubble?

Ec. and yes

What bacteria ferments dextrose and makes a bubble?

Sle and yes

What bacteria only oxidizes and does not ferment anything?

Psa.

What bacteria ferments everything and does it create a bubble?

ferments everything and does not create a bubble

What bacteria ferments glucose and lactose, does it produced a gas bubble, does it have black at the bottom?

Ec. , yes, and no black

What bacteria is indeterminate for both and why is it indeterminate?

Sle. and its indeterminate due to being a sulfur reducer

What bacteria does NOT ferment lactose or glucose and is not a sulfur reducer?

Psa

What bacteria ferments glucose but not lactose?

Sm.

What does the OF test, test for?

Does it oxidize and/or ferment carbohydrates?

What setting does oxidation need?

aerobic setting

what setting does fermentation need?

anaerobic and aerobic setting

What media does OF use?

solid undefined media with more sugars than peptones

What indicator does OF use and what type is it?

Bromothymol Blue, pH indicator

What are the colors for OF's indicator for pH levels?

Basic: Blue

Neutral: Green

Acidic: Yellow

Is there possibility for reversion if OF test?

no

How many tests are in MRVP?

2 tests

What does MR in MRVP test for?

shows if bacteria is a mixed acid fermenter

What does VP in MRVP test for?

if bacteria uses 2-3 butanediol pathway

What type of media does MRVP have?

liquid, undefined media that has peptones, glucose, and phosphate buffer.

Does a MRVP have an indicator? What does it have instead to see results?

no indicator, has reagent after incubation

What is the reagent for MRVP?

methyl red

What does methyl red do in MRVP test if its positive and is it if it's positive what is it?

its an acid fermenter and turns red, it creates stable acids to overcome phosphate buffer

If a bacteria is VP positive what do the reagents do?

reagents will react with acetoin and forms diacetyl which will interact with the guanines in the peptones and turn the tube red

What is a step that is needed in the VP test every 10 minutes?

vortexing for oxygenation

What color does an OF test turn if its neutral?

green

What color does an OF test turn if acids are produced?

yellow

What color does an OF test turn if there is peptone degradation?

blue

What bacteria is both an oxidizer and fermenter?

Ec.

What bacteria only oxidizes and what colors does it turn when aerobic or anaerobic?

Psa. Aerobic: yellow Anaerobic: green

What bacteria saphrophilic? What does it only want, and what does it not want? What color does it turn when aerobic and anaerobic?

Afl, only wants peptones and does not want carbs. Aerobic: blue and Anaerobic: green

What is saphrophilic?

nothing to do with carbs

What three things does SIM test for?

1. Does it reduce sulfur?

2. Does it produce indole?

3. Can it move?

What media does SIM have?

undefined media, that has reduced agar making it semi-solid that has peptones, glucose, and phosphate buffer.

What does sulfur react with and what does it make?

H2S reacts with iron and makes black precipitate

If a bacteria produces the enzyme tryptophanase what does it produce?

It produces indole

What does tryptophanase break down into? 3 things

1. pyruvate: energy source

2. indole

3. ammonia

Does SIM have indicator or reagent?

reagent

What is a SIM limitation?

if sulfur reducer limits visibility for motility

What does M help determine in the SIM test and what does it use to see result?

checks for fuzziness with a reagent

What does the motility test help us see?

fuzziness in sulfur reducers

What media does Motility have?

undefined media with reduced agar

What indicator does the motility test have?

Tetrazolium salt TTC

What does TTC do in motility test?

electron acceptor when reduced and it changes color to red

What happens to the red in the motile test if it is mobile?

the red will spread

What does the Citrate test for?

1. Is citrate the bacterias only carbon source?

2. If bacteria can use citrate?

What 2 enzymes does citrate use?

1. citrate permease

2. citrate lyase

What does citrate permease do and why?

imports citrate into the cell, because its selective permeable

What does citrate lyase do?

breaks down citrate

What media does citrate use and what does it have?

defined media that has a carb and nitrogen sources and an indicator

What is the carb source in citrates defined media?

citrate

What is the nitrogen source in citrates defined media?

ammonium

What is the indicator in citrate defined media?

bromothymol blue a pH indicator

What does the indicator in citrate show?

if nitrogen is broken down and if it releases bases

What is the pH indicator colors?

Basic: blue

Neutral: green

What happens if bacteria uses citrate?

it grows

What is the reagent for the SIM test reagent?

Kovack reagent

What bacteria is sulfur reducing, no indol, and motility is indeterminate?

Sle

What bacteria is non sulfur reducing, indole producing, and motile?

Ec.

What bacteria is non sulfur reducing, no indol, and non motile?

Ml

What bacteria is super motile based on the motile test?

Sle

What bacteria should not grow in citrate, produces green agar, and that citrate is not the only carbon source?

Ec.

What bacteria should grow in citrate, produced blue agar, and citrate is its only carbon source?

Kp.