hlth 354 ch 8

hematology and immunology

red blood cell

bring oxygen to all cells and take away waste

white blood cells

fight infections

platelets

patch things up

coagul/o

• coagulation → refers to the blood ability to form clots

• (ex. anticoagulant, coagulopathy)

thromb/o

• clot

• (ex. thrombocytes, thrombosis)

hem/o, hemat/o

• blood

• (ex. hemolysis, hematology)

cyt/o

• cell cyto comes from the greek word meaning jar or basket

• it can also refer to the individuals units of a beehive

• (ex. erythrocytes, thrombocytosis)

leuk/o

• white

• white blood cells acts as the blood streams police force and garbage collectors

• primary responders to infection and tissue damage. they also remove debris from the bloodstream through a process called phagocytosis
  phago mean to eat and begin the process of cell repair

• (ex. leukocytes, leukemia)

pleb/o, ven/o

• vein
  phlebotomy comes from phlebo (vein) and tomy (incision)

• it is the term used for drawing blood

• (ex. phlebotomy, venospasm)

lymph/o

• lymph

• lymph comes from the latin word meaning water or spring and refers to clear liquid that circulates in the body, providing nutrients to cells and removing waste form them

• (ex. lymphadenitis, lymphoma)

myel/o

• bone marrow, spine

• greek word meaning the inner most part and is used in medicine to refer to two different things

• (ex. myelitis, myelodysplasia)

-emia

• blood condition

• emia comes from a combo of hemo meaning blood and ia meaning condition

• (ex. anemia, leukemia)

tonsill/o

• tonsils

• the word tonsil comes from the latin word meaning almond

• (ex. tonsillitis, tonsillectomy)

splen/o

• spleen

• (ex. splenomegaly, splenectomy)

thym/o

• thymus

• the thymus is an organ found at the base of the neck. its name is derived form the herb thyme. evidently the organ looked like a bunch of thyme

• (ex. thymoma, thymectomy)

immune/o

• immune system

• the immune system is the body defensive system against foreign invaders

• (ex. immunology, immunoglobulin)

-penia

• deficiency

• penia comes from greek meaning poverty or famine

• (ex. cytopenia)

anemia

• reduction of RBC noticed by the patient as weakness and fatigue

• an/ emia = no blood condition

ecchymosis

• large bruise

• from greek for to pour out

hematoma

• mass of blood within an organ, cavity, or tissue

• hemat/ oma = blood tumor

hemophilia

• condition in which the blood doesn’t clot, thus causing excessive bleeding

• hemo/ phil/ ia = blood love condition

hemorrhage

• excessive blood loss

• hemo/ rrhage = blood burst forth

petechia

• a small bruise

• from latin, for freckle or spot

repercussion injury

• injury to tissue that occurs after blood flow is restored

• re/ per/ fusion injury = again/ through/ pour

lymphadenopathy

• any disease of a lymph gland; used to refer to noticeably swollen lymph nodes, especially in the neck

• lymph/ adeno/ pathy = lymph gland disease

lymphedema

• swelling caused by abnormal accumulation of lymph, usually in the extremities

• lymph/ edema = lymph/ swelling

splenalgia

• pain in the spleen

• spleen/ algia = spleen pain

splenodynia

• pain in the spleen

• spleno/ dynia = spleen/ pain

anisocytosis

• condition characterized by a great inequality in the size of red blood cells

• an/ iso/ cyt/ osis = not equal cell condition

elliptocyte

• oval red blood cells

• ellipto/ cyte = oval shaped cell

elliptocytosis

• condition characterized by an increase in the number of oval shaped red blood cells

• ellipto/ cyt/ osis = oval shaped/ cell/ condition

embolism

• blockage in a blood vessel caused by an embolus

• embol/ ism = embolus/ condition

embolous

• mass of matter present in the blood

• greek → means stoppers as in a cap for a bottle

• em/ bolus = in/ throw

erythrocyte

• red blood cell

• erythro/cyte = red cell

erthyrocytosis

• abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells

• erythro/ cyt/ osis = red/ cell/ condition

hematopoiesis

• formation of blood cells

• hemato/ poiesis = blood/ formation

hemolysis

• breakdown of blood cells

• hemo/ lysis = blood/ breakdown

leukocyte

• white blood cell

• leuko/ cyte = white/ cell

leukocytosis

• increase in the number of white blood cells

• leuko/ cyt/ osis = white/ cell/ condition

leukopenia

• deficiency in white blood cells

• leuko/ penia = white/ deficiency

macrocytosis

• condition characterized by large red blood cells

• macro/ cyt/ osis = large/ cell/ condition

microcytosis

• condition characterized by small red blood cells

• micro /cyt /osis = small /cell /condition

myelopoieis

• formation of bone marrow

• myelo/ poises = bone marrow/ formation

neutropenia

• deficiency in neutrophil

• neutro/ penia = neutrophil/ deficiency

normocyte

• normal-sized red blood cell

• normo/ cyte = normal/ cell

oligocythemia

• deficiency in the number of red blood cells

• oligo/ cyt/ hemia = few/ cell/ blood condition

pancytopenia

• deficiency in all cellular components of the blood

• pan/ cyto/ penia = all/ cell/ deficiency

phagocytosis

• process in which phagocytes destroy foreign microorganisms or cell debris

• pahgo/ cyt/ osis = eat/ cell/ condition

poikilocytosis

• condition characterized by red blood cells in a variety of shapes

• poikilo/ cyt/ osis = various/ cell/ condition

polycythemia

• excess of red blood cells

• poly/ cyt/ hemia = many/ cell/ blood condition

reticulocyte

• immature red blood cells

• the root comes from the netlike appearance

• reticulo/ cyte = net/ cell

spherocyte

• red blood cell that assumes a spherical shape

• sphero/ cyte = sphere cell

thrombocyte

• cell that helps blood clot → platelet

• thrombo/ cyte = clot/ cell

thrombocytopenia

• deficiency in the number of platelets (clot cells)

• thrombo/ cyto/ penia = clot/ cell/ deficiency

thrombocytosis

• increase in the number of platelets (clot cells)

• thrombo/ cyt/ osis = clot/ cell/ condition

thromboembolism

• blockage of a vessel caused by a clot that has broken off from where it formed

• thrombo/ embol/ ism = clot/ embolus/ condition

thrombogenic

• capable of producing a blood clot

• thrombo/ gen/ ic = clot/ formation/ pertaining to

thrombosis

• the formation of a blood clot

• thromb/ osis = clot/ condition

thrombus

• blood clot

• from greek for lump, clot, or even curd of milk

asplenia

• absence of a spleen or of spleen function

• a/ splen/ ia = no/ spleen/ condition

hepatosplenomegaly

• enlargement of the liver and spleen

• hepato/ spleno/ megaly = liver/ spleen/ enlargement

lymphocyte

• lymph cell

• lymph/ cyte = lymph/ cell

lymphopenia

• abnormal deficiency in lymph

• lymph/ penia = lymph/ deficiency

splenectopy

• displacement of the spleen

• sometimes called floating spleen

• splen/ ec/ top/ y = spleen/ out/ place/ condition

splenolysis

• breakdown of spleen tissue

• spleno/ lysis = spleen/ breakdown

splenomalacia

• softening of the spleen

• spleno/ malacia = spleen/ softening

splenomegaly

• enlargement of the spleen

• spleno/ mealy = spleen/ enlargement

splenoptosis

• downward displacement of the spleen

• spleno/ ptosis = spleen/ drooping condition

thyme hyperplasia

• overdevelopment of the thymus

• thym/ ic hyper/ plasia = thymus/ pertaining to over/ formation

antibody

• substance produced by the body in response to an antigen

• anti/ body = against/ body

antigen

• substance that causes the body to produce antibodies

• anti/ gen = against/ creator

hematocrit

• test to judge or separate the blood, it is used to determine that ratio of red blood cells to total blood volume

• hemato/ crit = blood/ judge (separate)

hematology

• study of blood

• hemato/ logy = blood/ study

hemoglobin

• iron containing pigment in red blood cells that carries oxygen to the cells

• globin and globulin both came from the latin word meaning globe or ball

• refers to proteins

• hemo/ globin = blood/ globe

hypoperfusion

• inadequate flow of blood

• hypo/ per/ fusion = under/ through/ pour

immunoglobulin

• protein that provides protection against disease

• immuno/ globulin = immune system/ sphere

immunology

• study of the immune system

• immuno/ logy = immune system/ study

immunologist

• specialist in the study of the immune system

• immuno/ logist = immune system/ specialist

lymphangiogram

• record of the study of lymph vessels

• lymph/ angio/ gram = lymph/ vessel/ record

lymphangiography

• procedure to study the lymph vessels

• lymph/ angio/ graphy = lymph/ vessel/ writing procedure

perfusion

• circulation of blood through tissue

• per/ fusion = through/ pour

phlebotogy

• study of veins

• phlebo/ logy = vein/ study of

phlebotomist

• specialist in drawing blood

• phlebo/ tom/ ist = vein/ cut/ specialist

phlebotomy

• incision into a vein

• another name for drawing blood

• phlebo/ tomy = vein/ incision

sphygmomanometer

• fancy name for the device used to measure blood pressure

• sphygmo/ mano/ meter = strangle/ thin/ instrument for measuring

autoimmune disease

• disease caused by the body’s immune system attacking the body’s own healthy tissue

• auto/ immune = self/ immune

coagulopathy

• any disease that deals with problems in blood coagulation

• coagulo/ pathy = coagulation/ disease

deep vein thrombosis

• formation of a blood clot in a vein deep in the body

• most common in legs

• deep vein thromb/ osis = deep vein clot/ condition

hemoglobinopathy

• disease of the hemoglobin

• hemo/ globino/ pathy = blood/ globe/ disease

hypercoagulability

• increased ability of the blood to coagulate

• hyper/ coagul/ ability = over/ coagulation/ ability

immunocompromised

• having an immune system incapable of responding normally completely to a pathogen or disease

• immuno/ compromised = immune/ compromised

immunodeficiency

• immune system with decreased or compromised response to disease

• immuno/ deficiency

immunosuppression

• reduction in the activity of the body’s immune system

• immuno/ suppression

ischemia

• blockage of blood flow to an organ

• isch/ emia = hold back/ blood condition

phlebarteriectasia

• dilation of blood vessels

• pleb/ arteri/ ectasia = vein/ artery/ dilation

spherocytosis

• condition in which red blood cells assume a spherical shape

• sphero/ cyt/ osis = sphere/ cell/ condition

thrombophlebitis

• inflammation of vein caused by a clot

• thrombo/ phleb/ itis = clot/ vein/ inflammation

anemia

• reduced red blood cells

• an/ emia = no/ blood condition

aplastic anemia

• anemia caused by red blood cells not being formed in sufficient quantities
  

• a/ plas/tic/ an/emia = no/ formation/ pertaining to no/blood condition

hemolytic anemia

• anemia caused by the destruction of red blood cells

• hemo/ lytic an/ emia = blood/ breakdown no/ blood condition