Civcs Test on Friday

Fundamental Rights

You cannot be punished for your religious beliefs

Freedom of Expression and Press etc

Democratic Rights

You can run for political office and vote when you turn 18

Mobility Rights

You can visit another country and come back when you choose

Legal Rights

You will receive a fair trial if you are accused of a crime

Equality Rights

You cannot be excluded from an activity because of a disability

Official Languages of Canada

You can send a letter to your MP in English or French

Minority Language Education Rights

You can attend an English or French school based on your language anywhere in the country

How many municipalities are there in Ontario

444 Municipalities

How does a Bill become a Law

1st Reading

2nd Reading

Committee Stage

Report back to the Chamber

3rd Reading

SENT TO SENATE —> Goes through the same process

Royal Ascent

Becomes a Law

A single-tier municipality system

• has one government and local council and it operates on its own.

A two-tier municipality system

 involve two layers of government and two councils.

A lower-tier municipality

a local municipal council and government (similar to a single-tier municipality).

An upper-tier municipality

a regional council and government, and provides services for two or more lower-tier municipalities.

There are ___ single-tier municipalities

173

There are ___ lower-tier municipalities and ___ upper-tier municipalities.

241 lower tier, and 30 upper tier municipalities

Main source of revenue for municipalities?

Property Taxes

How are mayors/reeves get elected?

At-Large system by all voters in the municipality

How are councillors/aldermen get elected?

At-Large system, or a Ward system

What is a ward system?

Where the municipality is broken down into smaller sections

Two types of councils for upper-tier municipalities

County Councils + Regional Councils

What is the County Council composed of + Name of the head of council?

Composed of designated elected members from the lower municipality, they select the head of council called a Warden

What is the Regional Council/How are they elected + Name of the head of council?

They are selected by:

1. Direct voting

2. Elected to sit on both councils

3. Appointed from within local councils

Mayors automatically become members of the regional council.

The head is called Regional Chair

At-Large System

All eligible voters in the municipality

Ward System

Municipality is broken down into smaller geographic areas

First-Past-The-Post

A successful candidate must receive the most votes in order to be elected in their area.

Ranked Ballots

Rank candidates according to your preference

Acclamation

If a candidate has no opponents, or if the number of candidates match the number of council seats to be filled, the candidate(s) win automatically and there is no election.

Emmanuel Macron

President of France

Danielle Smith

Alberta Premier → “Protecting Oil”

Keir Starmer

P.M. of the U.K. → “Unsure of Allies”

Scott Moe

Saskatchewan Premier → “Protecting Potasm” (???)

David Eby

British Columbia Premier (Soft Wood Lumber)

Francois Legault

Quebec Premier

Melanie Joly

Foreign Affairs and International Development Minister

Wab Kinew

Manitoba Premier (Impressing Many)

Stacy Cline

TDSB' War 11’s New School Trustee

Anita Anand

Federal Minister of Innovation, Science and Industry of Canada

D.E.I.

Controversial Equity Program

ACLU

American Civil Liberties Union (Association challenging Trump’s deportations)

EU

27 members states located primarily in Europe

Hudson Bay Co.

Iconic CDN Business going bankrupt

El Salvador

Paid millions to take U.S. deportees

Nunavut

Billions of $ needed to defend our Artic

Gaza Strip

Terrorists, War, Disputed Territory, Mediterranean Area

Gulf of Mexico

Body of Water renamed … by some!

Panama

Trump wants their canal